Electrolyte dysfunction in myocardial infarction patients

Abstract

Background: Myocardial Infarction (MI) is the term given for a state of myocardial necrosis which is secondary to an acute interruption of the coronary blood supply. Severity is dependent on level of occlusion, length of time of occlusion and presence or absence of collateral circulation. Myocardial infarction is now considered part of a spectrum referred to as acute coronary syndrome. It is a spectrum of acute myocardial ischemia that also includes unstable angina (STEMI) and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). The changes in serum electrolytes were studied in this study with a special focus on sodium and potassium serum levels in patients suffering from AMI. Hence, the aim of the study was to examine the changes in serum electrolytes among AMI patients and then comparison was done with the healthy persons.Methods: The study comprised of 80 subjects, which were divided equally into study group and control group. The study group comprised cases of confirmed diagnosis of recent onset of AMI. Clinical data was collected using interviewing questionnaires. The blood samples of both groups were analysed for serum electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca+ and Mg+) with the help of ion sensitive electrode analyser along with quality control sera.Results: There was statistically significant decrease in sodium and potassium levels in AMI patients. It was found that there was decrease in sodium serum levels in AMI patients suffering with hypertension. Potassium levels were increased in AMI patients suffering from Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension, which was found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: Hyponatremia and hypokalemia are indicators of acute myocardial infarction. Serum sodium and potassium levels are prognostic indicators, i.e., rise in sodium levels after initial fall was indicative of clinical improvement. Therefore, estimation of sodium and potassium level in acute MI patients can help assess their prognosis.

Influence of electrolyte imbalance on regional wall motion abnormalities in STEMI patients of North Indian origin

“…Electrolyte imbalances are common in STEMI subjects (31,32), and heart rhythm is influenced by electrolyte concentration (33). Although hyperkalemic STEMI is rare (34), our study revealed that 28.1% of STEMI subjects with hyperkalemia had RWMA in the LAD territory.…”

Cardioprotective Effects of Aqueous Extract of Ripped Musa paradisiaca Peel in Isoproterenol Induced Myocardial Infarction Rat Model

“…Regulation of the heart's electrical activity depends on a normal level of calcium, potassium, and sodium, whereas optimum contraction of the heart requires calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus 40 . The reduction in serum activities of both Na + and K + following administration of ISO can be attributed to ongoing oxidative damage as a consequence of a free radical attack on the Na + /K + pump causing its impairment 41 . However, pre-treatment with Musa paradisiaca peel extract resulted in the elevation of the electrolytes, Na + and K + , suggesting responsiveness of electrical conductivity of the heart.…”