“…[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9] In such systems characterized by at least one nanometer dimension, the role of the surface charge is exacerbated, [10], [11] and new phenomena such as surface-charge mediated transport and permselectivity occur. The unbalanced ionic transport between anionic and cationic species through a nanofluidic structures initiates a polarization effect related to the concentration domain, which can be applied for focusing and locally preconcentrate ionic species.…”