Electrokinetic remediation of wood preservative contaminated soil containing copper, chromium, and arsenic

Ammonium citrate as enhancement for electrodialytic soil remediation and investigation of soil solution during the process

“…Even though Cr is mainly removed to the anode side in these experiments (table 4), the concentration profiles clearly show that transport towards the cathode also takes place. Migration of Cr(III) towards the cathode has also been found in previous works (Buchireddy et al, 2009;Reddy and Chintamreddy, 2004) in parallel with decreasing pH. In our experiments the original soil pH is 7-7.8, and final values are 8-9, so no acidification occurs.…”

“…Removals are nevertheless the highest reported in the literature so far, for a real Cu and Cr-contaminated calcareous soil (Ottosen et al, 2005b). Buchireddy et al (2009) and (Reddy and Chintamreddy, 2004) report higher Cr-removals (72% and 46-82%, respectively) with an artificially spiked soil, but these cannot be compared with our results, where contamination dates back to the 1960's . These results are encouraging and highlight the potential of EDR to remediate soils which are contaminated with a mixture of heavy metals at a neutral pH by choosing a good enhancement solution.…”

“…While sampling soil solution gives valuable information on the behavior of heavy metals, there are only few studies where soil solution was monitored (mostly by using suction cups), and these were carried out without ion-exchange membranes (Li et al, 2010;Fan et al, 2014;Buchireddy et al, 2009). These works do not discuss possible interferences caused by sampling.…”

Phytoremediation of Copper-Contaminated Soil

“…Many of the large facilities that presently apply CCA, or used to apply it in the past, caused local soil pollution with Cu (Zagury et al 2003 ;Mench and Bes 2009 ;Kumpiene et al 2006 ;Morrell and Hoffman 2004 ;Bes and Mench 2008 ). Cu concentrations in those soils may significantly exceed 1,000 mg/kg (Buchireddy et al 2009 ). Some of such sites have turned into derelict areas, either barren or with poor vegetation (Mench and Bes 2009 ).…”

Near-anode focusing phenomenon caused by the high anolyte concentration in the electrokinetic remediation of chromium(VI)-contaminated soil

“…7). Low pH in soil causes the dissolution of some minerals in the soil, resulting in the decrease in soil resistance [27], consequently aggravating the IIPGWTE (Fig. 4e and f) and slowing down the movement of the focusing band in HA.…”