Electrokinetic Extraction of Doxorubicin from Biological Fluids by Polymer Inclusion Membrane Sampling Probe

Abstract

A polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) based sampling probe was developed for electrokinetic extraction of drugs from biological fluids. The probe was fabricated by dip-coating a nonconductive glass capillary tube in a homogeneous PIM solution for three cycles. The PIM solution comprised cellulose triacetate (CTA), 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [EMIM][NTf2] in a ratio of 5:4:2. The developed probe electrokinetically extracted doxorubicin from human plasma, human serum, and dried blood spot (DBS). The practicability and reliability of the electrokinetic extraction were evaluated by LC-MS/MS to quantify the desorption of extracted doxorubicin. Under the optimized conditions, a quantification limit of 0.2–2 ng/mL was achieved for the three biological samples. The probe was further integrated into a portable battery-powered device for safe low-voltage (36 V) electrokinetic extraction. The developed technique is envisioned to provide a more efficient analytical workflow in the laboratory.

Antifouling binary liquid-infused membranes for biological sample pretreatment

“…[15][16][17][18][19] Liquid-infused membranes that are called supported liquid membranes (SLMs) in the field of electromembrane extraction (EME) are used to selectively separate target molecules from sample solutions upon applying a voltage. [20][21][22][23][24] In the EME process, target molecules in an agitated sample solution arrive at the interface between the donor phase and the SLM, and they transfer into the infused organic phase. Subsequently, the dissolved analytes diffuse through the SLM upon applying an electrical potential, and finally are released into the acceptor solution at the interface between the SLM and the acceptor phase.…”