Electrohydrodynamic-Jet-Printed Phthalimide-Derived Conjugated Polymers for Organic Field-Effect Transistors and Logic Gates

Abstract

A π-conjugated polymer semiconductor, PBDTTTffPI, was synthesized for use as an organic semiconductor suitable for electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing technology. Bulky alkylation of the polymer gave PBDTTTffPI good solubility in several organic solvents. EHD jet printing using PBDTTTffPI ink produced direct patterns of polymer semiconductors while maintaining smooth surface morphologies and crystal structures similar to those of spin-coated PBDTTTffPI films. EHD-jet-printed PBDTTTffPI was appropriate for use as a semiconductor layer in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and logic gates. OFETs that used EHD-jet-printed PBDTTTffPI had better electrical characteristics than devices that used spin-coated semiconductor films. When a dielectric material (Al2O3) with a high dielectric constant was introduced, the jet-printed PBDTTTffPI operated well at low voltages. Integrated devices such as inverters, NAND gates, and NOR gates were fabricated by printing PBDTTTffPI patterns and showed good switching behaviors. Therefore, the use of printable PBDTTTffPI provides an advance toward fabrication of practical integrated arrays in next-generation devices.

Synthesis, Spectral and Electrochemical Properties, and Computational Modeling of N‐Cymantrenylmethylphthalimide

“…. 1 Estimation of quantum yield. To determine the quantum yield, the method of actinometry of ferrioxalate under irradiation with a wavelength of 365 nm was used.…”

“…Previously, it was shown in the literature that the introduction of a phthalimide fragment as a building block (copolymer) makes it possible to obtain organic π-conjugated semiconductor materials with excellent electrical characteristics. [1,2] A phthalimide fragment can act as an optically active group embedded in a polymer or other matrix for fine-tuning the color of absorption and/or emission due to its high extinction coefficient and quantum yield of fluorescence. [3] Phthalimide derivatives are often used as biological probes because their fluorescent properties change markedly under the influence of the environment, including solvents and temperature, optical properties of these compounds strongly depending on the possibility of aggregation, primarily associated with the interactions of substituents in the phenyl ring.…”

“…Phthalimides are an important class of compounds with pronounced optical and electrochemical properties. Previously, it was shown in the literature that the introduction of a phthalimide fragment as a building block (copolymer) makes it possible to obtain organic π‐conjugated semiconductor materials with excellent electrical characteristics [1,2] . A phthalimide fragment can act as an optically active group embedded in a polymer or other matrix for fine‐tuning the color of absorption and/or emission due to its high extinction coefficient and quantum yield of fluorescence [3] .…”

Prediction of Both E-Jet Printing Ejection Cycle Time and Droplet Diameter Based on Random Forest Regression

“…Electrohydrodynamic jet (E-jet) printing is a new additive manufacturing technology in which a fine solution jet is ejected from the tip of a Taylor cone under the action of an electric field [ 1 ] and deposited on a substrate to form a micro-dot pattern. Due to the advantages of direct writing, noncontact, high resolution, and drop-on-demand, E-jet printing has been applied in biological 3D structures, cell-laden microspheres [ 2 , 3 ], light-emitting diodes [ 4 , 5 ], transistors [ 6 , 7 ], transparent electrodes [ 8 , 9 ], optical micro-lenses [ 10 ], sensors [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], flexible electronic devices [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], and other fields. Under constant DC voltage, the ejection cycle time and droplet diameter, together with the substrate moving speed, determine the quality of an E-jet printing pattern.…”

Engineering Semiconductor Layer Using Halonaphthalene Additives for Organic Opto-Inverter Circuits

“…Over the last few years, solution-processable organic field-effect transistor (OFET)-based integrated circuits (ICs) like basic logic gates have seen a surge in research interest. − Polymers offer an added advantage of easy processibility. This is because of the enormous advantages such as low cost and easy processing, band tunability, and the possibility to be fabricated on a variety of substrates like plastic, cloth, paper, etc. − Yet the morphological defects are more challenging in thin films formed by solution processing rather than vacuum deposition.…”