Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence: XXXVI . The Production of Steady Direct Current ECL in Thin Layer and Flow Cells

Abstract

Studies of the ECL of rubrene in thin layer cells containing two gold electrodes separated by 20-500 #m and viewed parallel to the electrode surface are reported. The agreement between calculated and experimental currents and intensities was good and operating lifetimes of 30 min to 4 hr were observed. Flow cells in which solution is recirculated through two mesh electrodes into a mixing chamber where electron transfer and emission occurs are also described. Higher light intensities were obtainable with the flow cells, which appear to be a more favorable configuration for application to ECL devices. ** Eleetrochemmal Society Active Member. J Oo~ J J J J 1'o Ins 2~o ECL INTENSITY (Photon/sec) x 1011 ABSTRACTThe Warburg impedance of a rotating disk electrode is analyzed by means of an inverse Laplace transformation of the governing differential equation. This new formulation reduces the problem to a partial differential equation for which approximate solutions are known. The results obtained agree with exact numerical values for a wide range of low and high frequencies.

Demonstration of Electrochemical Generation of Solution-Phase Hot Electrons at Oxide-Covered Tantalum Electrodes by Direct Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence

“…17 UV grade (0.0001% water) acetonitrile (MeCN, Burdick and Jackson) was used as received after being transported unopened into an inert atmosphere drybox (Vacuum Atmospheres). Tris(2,2′-bypyridyl)ruthenium(II)perchlorate (Ru-(bpy) 3 (ClO 4 ) 2 ) was prepared by metathesis of Ru(bpy) 3 Cl 2 ‚6H 2 O (Aldrich) with an excess of NaClO 4 in H 2 O.…”

Electrochemiluminescent Systems as Devices and Sensors

“…Usually, the SECL cells have a structure of glass/indium-tin oxide (ITO)/emitting solutions/ITO/glass with dissolved organic (e.g., DPA or RUB) as well as inorganic compounds (e.g., Ru(bipy) 3 2 þ or Ir (ppy) 3 chelates) applied as active luminophores. 54,55,95,[176][177][178] During operation of SECL cell reduced and oxidized species are produced at each electrode (cathode and anode, respectively) by injected electrons and holes. The generated, usually ionic, intermediates move due to ion conduction in the solution with excitation of emitting species produced by annihilation of both redox forms.…”

Synthesis and optical properties of σ–π conjugated organic–inorganic hybrid gels

“…Quantitative determination of minute mesh size of the gels was performed with the SMILS system, as previously reported . The radius of mesh (mesh size) was calculated from the relaxation time in SMILS analysis with Einstein–Stokes formula (1): where n , τ R , K B , θ , η , and λ are refractive index of toluene, ensemble‐averaged relaxation time (s), Boltzmann constant (1.38 × 10 −23 JK −1 ), scattering angle (90°), viscosity coefficient of toluene at 298 K (5.6 × 10 −4 Nm s −1 ), and wave length of incident ray (4.42 × 10 −7 m), respectively.…”

“…Molecular design of the conjugated polymers, such as incorporation of some kinds of side groups, is effective not only to improve the solubility in the organic solvents but to control the photophysical properties, quantum yield, and emission wavelength, of the polymers. Solutions of the fluorescent polymers are applicable for electrogenerated chemiluminescent cell of the light‐emitting devices . There is concern for the leakage of liquid luminescent layers from the device cell.…”