“…Although a variety of substances can potentially work as a source of ECL, ruthenium(II) (Ru(II)) complexes, especially tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy) 3 2+ ), are conventionally used because of many superior properties, such as high chemical stability, recyclability, redox properties, and long lifetime in the excited state [2,3,4]. Meanwhile, oxygen is well known to be a crucial quencher to the photo-excited state of Ru(II) complexes [7,8,9], followed by the reduction of the ECL intensity [10,11,12]. Thereby, pretreatments for deoxygenation with the analytical samples are essential before conventional ECL detection.…”