Electrodialysis desalination for water and wastewater: A review

Al‐Amshawee, Sajjad Khudhur Abbas; Yunus, Mohd Yusri Bin Mohd; Azoddein, Abdul Aziz Mohd; Hassell, David; Dakhil, Ihsan Habib; Hasan, Hassimi Abu

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2019.122231

Cited by 619 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 199 publications

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“…High membrane cost, requirement of resin fouling, resin regeneration [22,23] Coagulation and flocculation Settling and dewatering of sludge High cost, large consumption of chemicals [24,25] Membrane filtration [7,30] The majority of these methods [7,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] are expensive, ineffective in certain concentrations, or time-consuming, and adsorption is limited by the cost of the adsorption material [1,[6][7][8][9]31,32]. For these reasons, the choice of sorbent is crucial for the development of a simple, efficient, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly water purification method [33,34].…”

Section: Advantages Disadvantages Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Wooden Sawdust Treatments on Cu(II) and Zn(II) Removal from Water

et al. 2020

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Organic waste materials and semi-products containing cellulose are used as low-cost adsorbents that are able to compete with conventional sorbents. In addition, their capacity to bind heavy metal ions can be intensified by chemical treatments using mineral and organic acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and organic compounds. In this paper, we studied the biosorption capacity of natural and modified wooden sawdust of poplar, cherry, spruce, and hornbeam in order to remove heavy metals from acidic model solutions. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra showed changes of the functional groups due to the alkaline modification of sawdust, which manifested in the considerably increased intensity of the hydroxyl peaks. The adsorption isotherm models clearly indicated that the adsorptive behavior of metal ions in treated sawdust satisfied not only the Langmuir model, but also the Freundlich model. The adsorption data obtained for studied sorbents were better fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model for both metals, except for spruce sawdust. Surface complexation and ion exchange are the major mechanisms involved in metal ion removal. We investigated the efficiency of the alkaline modified sawdust for metal removal under various initial concentrations of Cu(II) and Zn(II) from model solutions. The highest adsorption efficiency values (copper 94.3% at pH 6.8 and zinc 98.2% at pH 7.3) were obtained for poplar modified by KOH. For all types of sawdust, we found that the sorption efficiency of modified sorbents was higher in comparison to untreated sawdust. The value of the pH initially increased more in the case of modified sawdust (8.2 for zinc removal with spruce NaOH) and then slowly decreased (7.0 for Zn(II) with spruce NaOH).

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Section: Advantages Disadvantages Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Wooden Sawdust Treatments on Cu(II) and Zn(II) Removal from Water

et al. 2020

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“…ED is a desalination technique that alternately arranges a pair of cation and anion exchange membranes between two electrodes, a cathode, and an anode ( Figure 4 ) [ 94 ]. ED utilizes the migration of ions through ion exchange membranes, whereas CDI uses ion adsorption on the EDL or electrode surface.…”

Section: Electrochemical Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the cost of the relatively expensive ion exchange membrane should be considered when designing large-scale systems. The reverse use of ED allows electricity to be produced from two solutions with different chemical potentials through reverse electrodialysis (RED) [ 94 , 95 ]. The working principle of RED is similar to that of the desalination battery using CDI or BDI; electricity is produced with an electrode with (or without) an ion-exchange membrane in between [ 96 , 97 ].…”

Section: Electrochemical Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane and Electrochemical Processes for Water Desalination: A Short Perspective and the Role of Nanotechnology

2020

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In the past few decades, membrane-based processes have become mainstream in water desalination because of their relatively high water flux, salt rejection, and reasonable operating cost over thermal-based desalination processes. The energy consumption of the membrane process has been continuously lowered (from >10 kWh m−3 to ~3 kWh m−3) over the past decades but remains higher than the theoretical minimum value (~0.8 kWh m−3) for seawater desalination. Thus, the high energy consumption of membrane processes has led to the development of alternative processes, such as the electrochemical, that use relatively less energy. Decades of research have revealed that the low energy consumption of the electrochemical process is closely coupled with a relatively low extent of desalination. Recent studies indicate that electrochemical process must overcome efficiency rather than energy consumption hurdles. This short perspective aims to provide platforms to compare the energy efficiency of the representative membrane and electrochemical processes based on the working principle of each process. Future water desalination methods and the potential role of nanotechnology as an efficient tool to overcome current limitations are also discussed.

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“…Electrodialysis (ED) and electrodialysis reversal (EDR) are widely used in different applications including desalination of brackish waters, such as river waters and waters in agriculture [1][2][3][4][5][6], mine water disposal [7], food industry applications (dairy, wine, separation of amino acids, etc.) [8][9][10][11], and other applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Modeling of the Effect of Water Splitting on Ion Transfer in the Depleted Diffusion Layer Near an Ion-Exchange Membrane

et al. 2020

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Water splitting (WS) and electroconvection (EC) are the main phenomena affecting ion transfer through ion-exchange membranes in intensive current regimes of electrodialysis. While EC enhances ion transport, WS, in most cases, is an undesirable effect reducing current efficiency and causing precipitation of sparingly soluble compounds. A mathematical description of the transfer of salt ions and H+ (OH−) ions generated in WS is presented. The model is based on the Nernst–Planck and Poisson equations; it takes into account deviation from local electroneutrality in the depleted diffusion boundary layer (DBL). The current transported by water ions is given as a parameter. Numerical and semi-analytical solutions are developed. The analytical solution is found by dividing the depleted DBL into three zones: the electroneutral region, the extended space charge region (SCR), and the quasi-equilibrium zone near the membrane surface. There is an excellent agreement between two solutions when calculating the concentration of all four ions, electric field, and potential drop across the depleted DBL. The treatment of experimental partial current–voltage curves shows that under the same current density, the surface space charge density at the anion-exchange membrane is lower than that at the cation-exchange membrane. This explains the negative effect of WS, which partially suppresses EC and reduces salt ion transfer. The restrictions of the analytical solution, namely, the local chemical equilibrium assumption, are discussed.

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Electrodialysis desalination for water and wastewater: A review

Cited by 619 publications

References 199 publications

Influence of Wooden Sawdust Treatments on Cu(II) and Zn(II) Removal from Water

Influence of Wooden Sawdust Treatments on Cu(II) and Zn(II) Removal from Water

Membrane and Electrochemical Processes for Water Desalination: A Short Perspective and the Role of Nanotechnology

Mathematical Modeling of the Effect of Water Splitting on Ion Transfer in the Depleted Diffusion Layer Near an Ion-Exchange Membrane

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