Electrodeposition of Copper‐Nickel Alloys from Citrate Solutions on a Rotating Disk Electrode: I . Experimental Results

Abstract

Steady-state polarization measurements on stationary and rotating disk electrodes were performed in Cu-Ni-citrate plating baths as well as in single metal ion-citrate solutions. The polarization curves were used to identify the different electrode reactions occurring during the plating process. Five electrochemical reactions were found dominant in different potential regions. They were the reduction of hydrogen ion from the dissociation of hydrogenated citrate ion, oxygen reduction, copper deposition, nickel deposition, and reduction of water. C odeposition of Cu-Ni alloy occurred in a fairly narrow electrode potential region (-1.0 to -1.2V vs. SCE), where the effects of the side reactions were relatively small. A Levich analysis of the rotating disk data was used to determine the overall kinetic and mass transport parameters of the Cu-Ni alloy electrodeposition process. Finally, compositional and morphological analyses of the alloy plated at constant potentials were also performed.

Electrodeposition of CoWP film II. Effect of electrolyte concentration

“…Tri-sodium citrate (TSC) was used as a complexing agent and its concentration was 0.3 M in all electrolytes. Tri-sodium citrate was chosen because it was non-toxic and had brightening, levelling and buffering actions [24][25][26][27]. Moreover, citrate electrolyte has recently been used for precision electrodeposition [27,28].…”

Characterisation of electrodeposited Co–W–P amorphous coatings on carbon steel

“…TSC was chosen because it was non-toxic and had brightening, levelling and buffering action [18,19]. Moreover, citrate electrolyte had recently been used for precision electrodeposition [20][21][22].…”

Copper–nickel codeposition as a model for mass-transfer characterization in copper–indium–selenium thin-film production

“…Three main potential domains are visible [23]. At low overpotentials, the magnitude of the current density increases with increasing negative (cathodic) polarization.…”

“…The Cu-Ni codeposition system is well known and has been frequently employed for the production of protective coatings [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Electrodeposited Monel alloys, for example, containing 70% nickel, are widely used for their excellent corrosion resistance in naval installations [18].…”