Electrodeposition of Copper‐Nickel Alloys from Citrate Solutions on a Rotating Disk Electrode: II . Mathematical Modeling

Ying, Ramona Y.; Ng, Patrick K.; Mao, Zhengzhong; White, Ralph E.

doi:10.1149/1.2095470

Cited by 69 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…It is known that in the presence of cit 3À (cit 3À is C 6 H 5 O 7 3À ) ions, both Co 2 and Cu 2 form a series of soluble complex species. 13,14 According to the literature 14,15 the most predominant complex species in the bulk solution are Co cit À and Cu cit À in addition to the uncomplexed Co 2 and Cu 2 species. Therefore, the alloy could be obtained by electroreduction of either the complexed and uncomplexed species simultaneously 15 as follows:…”

Section: Results and Discussion Cathodic Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroplating of a Co-Cu alloy from a citrate bath containing boric acid

El‐Rehim

El‐Wahab

Rashwan³

et al. 2000

J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol.

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The effects of bath composition, current density and temperature on cathodic polarization, cathodic current ef®ciency of codeposition, composition and structure of Co±Cu alloys electroplated on a steel substrate from citrate baths have been studied. Addition of boric acid to citrate electrolyte increases the percentage of Co in the deposits and improves the quality of these deposits. The cathodic current ef®ciency of the baths is relatively high and increases with increases in the metal content in the bath and the current density but decreases with temperature. The composition of the deposit is controlled by the applied current density. At low current densities, Cu-rich alloys were obtained. At higher current densities, the composition of the alloys was controlled by the limiting current density of Cu codeposition. The Co content of the deposits increases with increases in the metal content in the bath and the temperature. The structure of the deposited alloys was characterized by anodic stripping and X-ray diffraction techniques. The deposited alloys consisted of a single solid solution phase with a face-centred cubic structure.

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Section: Results and Discussion Cathodic Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroplating of a Co-Cu alloy from a citrate bath containing boric acid

El‐Rehim

El‐Wahab

Rashwan³

et al. 2000

J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol.

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“…Figure 11. Rotating disk close-up (Korzhova, 2009) For many years the characterization of solid drugs has been performed using rotating disk intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) apparatus, involving studies of dissolution-pH rate profiles in the presence of binding agents, various excipients/delivery vehicles, and buffers (Amidon, Lee & Topp, 2000;Jinno, Oh, Crison & Amidon., 2000;Li, Doyle, Metz, Royce & Serajuddin, 2005;Li, M. Wong, et al, 2005;McNamara & Amidon, 1986, 1988Mooney, Mintun, Himmelstein & Stella, 1981a, 1981bSerajuddin & Jarowski, 1984, 1985Sheng, Kasim, Chandrasekharan & L., 2006;Southard, Green, Stella & Himmelstein, 1992;Yu, Carlin, Amidon & Hussain, 2004).…”

Section: Rotating Disk Reactormentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotating Disk Apparatus: Types, Developments and Future Applications

Rashed¹,

Abdulbari²,

Salleh³

et al. 2016

MAS

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Power consumption reduction investigations attracted the attention of enormous numbers of researchers in the past few decades due to its high academic and economic impacts. The pumping power losses during the transportation of crude oils are considered as one of the main power consuming applications due to the turbulent mode of transportation. Investigating the possible solutions for this problem is expensive and time consuming due to the large apparatuses needed to simulate the flow in real pipelines. Rotating disk apparatus (RDA) is an instrument mainly comprising a rotating disk and an electrical motor to rotate the disk, which was implemented as an efficient and economical path to simulate what can be done in pipelines through generating a controlled degree of turbulence. This technique was also used in many other scientific applications due to its dynamic mode of operation. For example, a rotating disk electrode was used in electrodeposition processes and to characterize deposition film thickness and uniformity. The rotating disk reactor was employed to investigate the reaction rate between fluids and solid surfaces. The present work evaluates the RDA from different prospective and applications in order to introduce it as an efficient research tools for future dynamic investigations.

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“…Models have also been developed based on findings of different electroanalytical techniques and electrode reaction mechanisms to describe the codeposition of Ni‐Cu alloy with single composition from citrate baths onto rotating electrodes having different shapes such as ring, disk, and cylinder . To elucidate the codeposition mechanism, a model was developed by Chassaing et al which takes adsorption and surface diffusion phenomena of the electroactive species into account.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation and experimental investigation of combinatorial electrodeposition of Ni‐Cu material library using modified Hull cell

Palli

Dey

2017

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Phone: þ91 (0)40 2301 6096, Fax: þ91 (0)40 2301 6032Numerical simulation of single run electrodeposition of Ni-Cu material library fabricated from citrate plating bath in a modified Hull cell is carried out at an applied average current density of 2 mA cm À2 by considering multiple electrode reactions. These electrode reactions include reduction of copper ions and nickel ions and hydrogen generation reaction along with influence of diffusion of metal species and Butler-Volmer kinetic rate equations. From the model, partial and total current densities, alloy compositions, and current efficiencies during codeposition of Ni-Cu alloy as a function of position on the working electrode is predicted. Ni-Cu thin film combinatorial material library is also fabricated experimentally under similar conditions used in the simulation. An acceptable agreement is noticed from the comparison of the simulated results with experimental data. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies reveal the distinct changes in the surface morphology of the films at different positions on the substrate. The measured room temperature electrical resistivity values for the fabricated material library at 2 mA cm À2 are compared with the reported data of the metallurgical processed bulk Ni-Cu alloys and found that there is a relatively good match between them.Combinatorial strategy used for fabrication of Ni-Cu material library through electrodeposition.

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Electrodeposition of Copper‐Nickel Alloys from Citrate Solutions on a Rotating Disk Electrode: II . Mathematical Modeling

Cited by 69 publications

References 3 publications

Electroplating of a Co-Cu alloy from a citrate bath containing boric acid

Electroplating of a Co-Cu alloy from a citrate bath containing boric acid

Rotating Disk Apparatus: Types, Developments and Future Applications

Numerical simulation and experimental investigation of combinatorial electrodeposition of Ni‐Cu material library using modified Hull cell

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