Electrodeposition of copper from mixed sulphate–chloride acidic electrolytes at a rotating disc electrode

Low, Chee Tong John; León, Carlos Ponce de; Walsh, Frank C.

doi:10.1179/0020296714z.000000000186

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Meanwhile, there appeared a shoulder peak around − 390 mV for NaF, and a sharp peak at − 340 mV for NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 , respectively. The second peak is due to Cu + reduction to metallic Cu [50]. These observations confirm that Cu + species are stabilized by SO 4 2− , Cl − , and F − , respectively.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Mutual influence of cupric cations and several anions in anatase and rutile TiO2 photocatalysis

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2021

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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Copper ions in aqueous solution are known to promote organic oxidation in semiconductor photocatalysis, but the counter anions seem to be important as well. In this work, the performance of Cu(ClO 4 ) 2 in presence of several anions in sodium forms (F − , Cl − , ClO 4 − , NO 3 − , and SO 4 2− ) has been examined. Phenol oxidation in aqueous solution (pH 4) under UV light was used as model reaction and TiO 2 in the forms of anatase (AT) and rutile (RT) as photocatalysts. On the addition of 0.1-5 mM Cu 2+ , the reactions on AT and RT all increased. On the addition of 1 mM anions, reactions on AT increased by F − and SO 4 2− , but reactions on RT all decreased. In presence of 3 mM Cu 2+ , however, reactions on AT and RT all decreased by 1 mM anions except NO 3 − . Such anion effects were also observed for H 2 production on AT and RT in presence of Cu 2+ and 10% methanol. A possible mechanism for the positive and negative anion effects is discussed. This work indicates that the formation of a Cu(II)/Cu(I) complex with anions weakens the positive effect of copper ions on organic oxidation in TiO 2 photocatalysis.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Mutual influence of cupric cations and several anions in anatase and rutile TiO2 photocatalysis

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2021

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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“…48 This phenomenon is in good agreement with the literature for the reduction process of copper ions in chloride media, where copper reduction takes place in two single-electron transfer steps because Cu(I) is stabilized by chloride ions. 49 The same redox signals are observed for the leached solution, Figure 2a blue line; however, some differences are evident: first, two reduction signals are presented, a wider reduction peak from −0.3 to −0.75 V versus SCE which overlaps with another one that shows a small shoulder from −0.5 to −0.4 V versus SCE. This behavior can be indeed associated to the reduction signal of copper, but also to the reduction processes of lead and antimony ions, which are observed between −0.5 and −0.…”

Section: Electrochemical Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 60%

Copper and Antimony Recovery from Electronic Waste by Hydrometallurgical and Electrochemical Techniques

et al. 2020

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A strategy for the efficient recovery of highly pure copper and antimony metals from electronic waste (e-waste) was implemented by the combination of hydrometallurgical and electrochemical processes. The focus is on copper recovery as the main component in the leached solution, whereas the antimony recovery process was established as a purification step in order to achieve a highly pure copper deposit. The strategy includes mechanical methods to reduce the size of the wasted printed circuit boards to enhance the efficiency of antimony and copper lixiviation via ferric chloride in acidic media (0.5 M HCl) followed by an electrowinning process. In order to establish the best parameters for copper electrowinning, the leached solution was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and cathodic polarization. Then, an electrochemical reactor with a rotating cylinder electrode was used to evaluate the copper concentration decay, the cathodic current efficiency, the specific energy consumption, and mass-transfer coefficient. Furthermore, antimony was recovered via precipitation by a pH modification in accordance with the Pourbaix diagram. Under this methodology, two valuable products from the e-waste were recovered: a 96 wt % pure copper deposit and 81 wt % pure antimony precipitate. The strategy for recovery of other metal ions, such as lead, present in the e-waste at high concentrations will be reported in further works.

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“…In agreement with this hypothesis, the plateaus disappeared almost entirely, when the electrolyte was not de‐aerated, indicating the critical role of Cu 1+ ions, which were oxidized in the presence of dissolved oxygen. Distinct limiting current density plateaus for Cu 1+ were reported in the presence of relatively large amounts of chloride . Noteworthy, the curves in Figure show apparently counterintuitive behavior at overpotentials slightly more negative than the plateaus.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 81%

Cuprous Ion Mass Transport Limitations During Copper Electrodeposition

Schmidt

Gaida

2017

ChemElectroChem

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Polarization experiments in sulfuric acid based copper plating electrolytes disclosed unique mass‐transport limitations at very small cathodic overpotentials. Determination of the bulk concentration of the species, which is correlated to the observed limiting current plateaus, by means of Levich plots indicated that these plateaus may be related to mass‐transport‐limited copper deposition from cuprous ions. This hypothesis was further supported by comparison of the equilibrium constant of the comproportionation of cupric ions and metallic copper to cuprous ions obtained from experiments with literature values. The results provide a simple technique to detect cuprous ions and support the view that cuprous ions are deposited at a diffusion‐limited rate, whereas cupric ions deposition is controlled by electrochemical kinetics. The method may be of relevance for superfilling, since the action of additives in industrial plating electrolytes involves interaction with cuprous ions.

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Electrodeposition of copper from mixed sulphate–chloride acidic electrolytes at a rotating disc electrode

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Mutual influence of cupric cations and several anions in anatase and rutile TiO2 photocatalysis

Mutual influence of cupric cations and several anions in anatase and rutile TiO2 photocatalysis

Copper and Antimony Recovery from Electronic Waste by Hydrometallurgical and Electrochemical Techniques

Cuprous Ion Mass Transport Limitations During Copper Electrodeposition

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