Electrodeposition from organic solutions of metals that are difficult to deposit from aqueous solutions

Jayakrishnan, Sobha; Pushpavanam, Malathy; Shenoi, B.A.

doi:10.1016/0376-4583(81)90121-7

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] Due to the high reactivity of lanthanide metals, the relevant electrolyte solutions for lanthanum electrodeposition must be aprotic, and electrodeposition of lanthanum is conventionally performed in high-temperature molten salts 6 or organic solvents. 7 However, molten salts are highly corrosive and high energy consuming limited by high-temperature operation, and organic solvents are generally volatile and inflammable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical preparation of nanostructured lanthanum using lanthanum chloride as a precursor in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ionic liquid

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Nanostructured lanthanum was electrochemically prepared on a platinum (Pt) substrate in the room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (BMI-DCA) containing anhydrous LaCl3 at 333 K. The electrochemical reduction behavior of La(iii) was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. Cyclic voltammogram revealed that the reduction of La(iii) in BMI-DCA involved an irreversible process controlled by diffusion. Chronoamperometric transient analysis confirmed the diffusion controlled electrodeposition process with the diffusion coefficient of La(iii) species in the range of 10(-10) cm(2) s(-1). The strong complexing capability of DCA(-) anions facilitated the displacement of chloride ligands and induced the solubility of LaCl3. The subsequent coordination of La(iii) and DCA(-) anions forming [La(DCA)4](-) complex anions was monitored by designing amperometric titration experiments. Potentiostatically deposited La-deposits with different nanostructures were characterized by SEM, XRD and XPS analyses. The electrodeposition potential was found to play an important role in controlling the nucleation and growth kinetics of the nanocrystal during the electrodeposition process. Depending on the deposition potential, metallic lanthanum with either nanoparticles or nanoporous structures was obtained.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical preparation of nanostructured lanthanum using lanthanum chloride as a precursor in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ionic liquid

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…There were a few studies that reported the electrodeposition of semiconductor thin films [ 12 , 13 ]. In the electrodeposition technique, electrolytes or medium solvents play an important role in determining the quality of deposited thin films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization of Electrodeposited Germanium Thin Film on Silicon (100)

et al. 2013

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We report the crystallization of electrodeposited germanium (Ge) thin films on n-silicon (Si) (100) by rapid melting process. The electrodeposition was carried out in germanium (IV) chloride: propylene glycol (GeCl4:C3H8O2) electrolyte with constant current of 50 mA for 30 min. The measured Raman spectra and electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) images show that the as-deposited Ge thin film was amorphous. The crystallization of deposited Ge was achieved by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 980 °C for 1 s. The EBSD images confirm that the orientations of the annealed Ge are similar to that of the Si substrate. The highly intense peak of Raman spectra at 300 cm−1 corresponding to Ge-Ge vibration mode was observed, indicating good crystal quality of Ge. An additional sub peak near to 390 cm−1 corresponding to the Si-Ge vibration mode was also observed, indicating the Ge-Si mixing at Ge/Si interface. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) reveals that the intermixing depth was around 60 nm. The calculated Si fraction from Raman spectra was found to be in good agreement with the value estimated from Ge-Si equilibrium phase diagram. The proposed technique is expected to be an effective way to crystallize Ge films for various device applications as well as to create strain at the Ge-Si interface for enhancement of mobility.

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“…Huang et al reported the deposition of germanium films on silicon substrates from 1,3-propanediol electrolyte, wherein the effect of the substrate on the deposit and on crystallization was investigated. However, the presence of an organic electrolyte limits the electrochemical window and introduces impurities into the electrodeposit. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the presence of an organic electrolyte limits the electrochemical window and introduces impurities into the electrodeposit. 5,9 In direct comparison, ionic liquids have a much wider electrochemical window. Furthermore, water can be removed easily from them, ensuring water free conditions.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV-Assisted Electrodeposition of Germanium from an Air- and Water-Stable Ionic Liquid

2012

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The effect of UV light during electrodeposition of germanium on Au and on indium tin oxide (ITO) from the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([Py1,4]Tf2N) has been investigated. From cyclic voltammetric analysis, two reduction peaks were observed and were assigned to the reduction of Ge(IV) to Ge(II) species, and Ge(II) to Ge(0) species. On using 254 nm UV light during electrodeposition, a decrease of 140 mV occurred on the ITO substrate for the reduction of Ge(IV) to Ge(II) compared with that observed without UV, and a decrease of 204 mV was observed in the reduction of Ge(II) to Ge. The shift in the reduction peak seems to be related to the photoabsorption of UV by the electrolyte, possibly altering the ionic liquid/electrode interface. By characterizing the Ge deposit using scanning electron microscopy, it was observed that the presence of UV irradiation significantly decreased the Ge particle size. A green luminescence was also observed from the electrolyte during the cyclic voltammetry experiments in the presence of UV. The significant influence of UV on the reduction potential and on the electrodeposit might open up new avenues for electrodeposition processes in ionic liquids.

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Electrodeposition from organic solutions of metals that are difficult to deposit from aqueous solutions

Cited by 17 publications

References 61 publications

Electrochemical preparation of nanostructured lanthanum using lanthanum chloride as a precursor in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ionic liquid

Electrochemical preparation of nanostructured lanthanum using lanthanum chloride as a precursor in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ionic liquid

Crystallization of Electrodeposited Germanium Thin Film on Silicon (100)

UV-Assisted Electrodeposition of Germanium from an Air- and Water-Stable Ionic Liquid

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