Electrodeposition and characterization of Bi2Se3 thin films by electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (ECALE)

Underpotential deposition of selenium and antimony on gold

“…The environment of the deposited atoms is different, and the resistance of the film increases with its thickness. This behavior has already been reported and discussed in many works [15,18,27,34]. Therefore, the control of the deposition process is complex.…”

“…The crucial point in material electrodeposition is to control the dimensions, the stoichiometric ratio, and the crystallinity of the deposited structures. The electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (EC-ALE) technique developed by Stickney [13] was proved to be a valid approach to control these parameters for the deposition of chalcogenide compounds on metallic substrates [14][15][16][17][18][19]. This method is based on the alternate underpotential deposition of atomic layers of the elements that form the compound, in a cycle that can be repeated as many times as desired.…”

Chemical Synthesis and Properties of Novel Bi2Se3 Nanostructures and Microplatelets

“…There was a red shift towards lower energies with increasing substrate temperature for the samples. Lower values have been reported in thin films, 0.35 eV [7] and 0.55 eV [22]. This wider band gap values in nanostructures may be due to quantum confinement effects [1].…”

“…Recently, research attention geared toward chemical and electrochemical synthesis of nanostructured colloidal chalcogenide semiconductors has increased several folds [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. In this group, Bi 2 Se 3 nano-and microsised clusters, isolated or well-adhered morphological orientations have been reported in literature.…”

“…A number of interesting nanostructures such as hexagonal nanosheets and nanotubes through hydrothermal coreduction [5] and hexagonal nanoflakes through a novel solvothermal method [6] were recently fabricated and characterised. In addition, nanocrystalline thin films by electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (ECALE) [7] and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) [8] were reported. Li et al [9] have synthesised and traced shape evolution of novel bismuth selenide hollow nanospheres through precipitation in a capping agent while thermally evaporated structures have been discussed by Manjulavalli et al [10].…”