Electrode Work Function Reduction by Polyethylenimine Interlayers: Choice of Solvent and Residual Solvent Removal for Superior Functionality

Bontapalle, Sujitkumar; Opitz, Andreas; Schlesinger, Raphael; Marder, Seth R.; Varughese, Susy; Koch, Norbert

doi:10.1002/admi.202000291

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Pairing of the ssDNA leads to chemical doping of the selective layer on the gate electrode, affects its electrochemical potential (ΔE G ), and modulates the work function. [45,46] This in turn tunes the operating voltage range of the FET without perturbing the transport properties and stability of the channel material. The coplanar gate electrode structure is therefore crucial to achieve segregated sensing operations without polluting the semiconducting layer to avoid interference which might modify the channel transport properties.…”

Section: Selectivity Of the Ssdna Active Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoporous Dna Field Effect Transistor with Potential for Random‐Access Memory Applications: A Selectivity Performance Evaluation

Kilinc,

Hayakawa,

Yamauchi

et al. 2024

Advanced Sensor Research

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Methods to encode digital data items as strands of synthetic DNA followed by selective data retrieval have been demonstrated. However, these initially bio‐oriented processes remain slow and not optimized. DNA field‐effect transistor (DNA‐FET) is studied here as a possible random‐access memory (RAM) device for simple, selective and rapid ssDNA fragment retrieval used as data pool identifier. The DNA‐FET is based on a co‐planar Au‐gated fully organic transistor appended with short single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) probes bearing a blocking molecule to prevent partial hybridization and achieve near perfect selectivity for short length ssDNA (up to 45 nt). Examination of transconductance of the novel active layer incorporating a DNA nanopore architecture reveals enhanced binding site accessibility. This, in turn, facilitates discriminatory hybridization, particularly in the physical retrieval of short‐length ssDNA from a competitive, concentrated ssDNA background pool consisting of nine different sequences, with at least one nucleotide difference. The DNA‐FET exhibits rapid operation (9 min) in the millivolt range, low detection limit (sub‐femtomolar), high selectivity and reusability. Considering the straightforward concept, near error‐free identification capacity and hypothetically outstanding scalability, the DNA‐FET described here has potential as a foundation for further exploration of advanced RAM technology in the DNA data storage process.

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Section: Selectivity Of the Ssdna Active Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoporous Dna Field Effect Transistor with Potential for Random‐Access Memory Applications: A Selectivity Performance Evaluation

Kilinc,

Hayakawa,

Yamauchi

et al. 2024

Advanced Sensor Research

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“…They suggested that dipoles are formed in the solution, which assist in electron injection; but this technology is very sensitive regarding the overall electron injection characteristics, as they are added in the form of a film on the cathode. Koch et al examined the influence of preparation conditions of PEI films to reduce the work function of electrode materials [46]. They obtained a homogenous PEI film on ZnO by annealing in a vacuum, which produced an improved electron injection due to the lowered work function at the interface.…”

Section: Interfacial Adhesion Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Laminated with a PEI Adhesion Layer

Yoo,

Moon

2023

Electronics

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For the all-solution-processed organic light-emitting diode (OLED), manufacturing the cathode and lowering the work function of the cathode are the main problems limiting their commercialization. This paper reports a two-substrate bonding technology using hot roller lamination with improvement points to solve the existing problems. Ag was used to manufacture the cathode because it is less oxidative compared to Al, which has previously been used conventionally. We tried to use polyethylene imine (PEI), which is conventionally used as an electron injection layer (EIL), as an adhesive layer for the bonding, as it has the quality of being sticky. At higher PEI concentrations, the adhesion strength increased, but the electrical properties deteriorated. Therefore, the PEI wt% was decreased and mixed with polyethylene glycol (PEG), which was reported to lower the work function of the metallic surface. The results showed that the mixed solution of PEI and PEG had good adhesion and electrical properties. The device with an interfacial layer consisting of a 0.1 wt% PEI and 0.01 wt% PEG mixture turned on at 6 V and had a maximum luminance of 2700 cd/m2. The mixed solution layer provided a similar luminous characteristic for single- and double-substrate devices, highlighting the potential of fabricating all-solution-processed OLEDs using the two-substrate bonding technology.

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“…Notable differences in V OC have been observed by incorporating a polymer electrolyte interlayer with a significant dipole moment between the active layer and electrodes. For example, the dipolar nature of polymer electrolyte interlayers (PFN, poly(ethylenimine) (PEI), ethoxylated PEI (PEIE)) induces a significant interfacial electric dipole moment which enhances the built-in potential, reduces the work function of the electron extraction layer, and promotes charge collection at the interface. , Specifically, PEIE has been studied as a modifying interlayer for different transport layers and electrodes, and its benefits to reduce the work function of various electrodes, transparent metal oxides including ZnO, conducting polymers, and graphene have been previously demonstrated − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface Engineering in Perylene Diimide-Based Organic Photovoltaics with Enhanced Photovoltage

Mohapatra

Pranav

Yadav

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The introduction of nonfullerene acceptors (NFA) facilitated the realization of high-efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs); however, OSCs suffer from relatively large losses in opencircuit voltage (V OC ) as compared to inorganic or perovskite solar cells. Further enhancement in power conversion efficiency requires an increase in V OC . In this work, we take advantage of the high dipole moment of twisted perylene-diimide (TPDI) as a nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) to enhance the V OC of OSCs. In multiple bulk heterojunction solar cells incorporating TPDI with three polymer donors (PTB7-Th, PM6 and PBDB-T), we observed a V OC enhancement by modifying the cathode with a polyethylenimine (PEIE) interlayer. We show that the dipolar interaction between the TPDI NFA and PEIE�enhanced by the general tendency of TPDI to form J-aggregates�plays a crucial role in reducing nonradiative voltage losses under a constant radiative limit of V OC . This is aided by comparative studies with PM6:Y6 bulk heterojunction solar cells. We hypothesize that incorporating NFAs with significant dipole moments is a feasible approach to improving the V OC of OSCs.

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Electrode Work Function Reduction by Polyethylenimine Interlayers: Choice of Solvent and Residual Solvent Removal for Superior Functionality

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Nanoporous Dna Field Effect Transistor with Potential for Random‐Access Memory Applications: A Selectivity Performance Evaluation

Nanoporous Dna Field Effect Transistor with Potential for Random‐Access Memory Applications: A Selectivity Performance Evaluation

Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Laminated with a PEI Adhesion Layer

Interface Engineering in Perylene Diimide-Based Organic Photovoltaics with Enhanced Photovoltage

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