Electrode Nanostructures in Lithium‐Based Batteries

Abstract

Lithium‐based batteries possessing energy densities much higher than those of the conventional batteries belong to the most promising class of future energy devices. However, there are some fundamental issues related to their electrodes which are big roadblocks in their applications to electric vehicles (EVs). Nanochemistry has advantageous roles to overcome these problems by defining new nanostructures of electrode materials. This review article will highlight the challenges associated with these chemistries both to bring high performance and longevity upon considering the working principles of the various types of lithium‐based (Li‐ion, Li‐air and Li‐S) batteries. Further, the review discusses the advantages and challenges of nanomaterials in nanostructured electrodes of lithium‐based batteries, concerns with lithium metal anode and the recent advancement in electrode nanostructures.

Graphene based metal and metal oxide nanocomposites: synthesis, properties and their applications

“…The combination of graphene with various metal oxides NPs not only maximizes the practical applications of LIBs, but the synergetic effects between both the active materials helped to increase the energy storage capacity and to enhance the electrochemical performance of LIBs. 208,213 In these composite materials, graphene provides a 2D support for the uniform dispersion of the metal oxides, acts as a conductive template for building a 3D network to improve the electrical conductivity and to suppress the volume change and particle agglomeration during the charge/discharge process. The metal oxide NPs inhibits the agglomeration of the graphene layers and thereby helps to enhance the surface of the graphene;…”

“…213 Due to the large theoretical lithium storage capacity of 372 mA h g -1 , graphite is commercially used as an anode material. However, such storage capacity is not sufficient for the requirement of high energy capacity, which sparked the search for other alternative anode materials.…”

Role of anions on structure and pseudocapacitive performance of metal double hydroxides decorated with nitrogen-doped graphene

“…Lower capacitance retentions of all these electrodes compared with NiCoDH@ NG electrode confirms that NiCoDH@NG hybrid takes advantages of the co-existence of NG and Co in the structure, which improves the structure of electrode and creates better mesoporosity enhancing overall conductivity of the electrode. Furthermore, the incorporation of nitrogen in the graphene significantly improves its conductivity and electrochemical performance by disturbing its electronic cloud and density of state, hence it iss beneficial to improve the overall performance of the hybrid [46]. Thus, electrode based on the above designed hybrid takes benefits from efficient electronic flow, deep penetration of electrolyte species enhancing the Faradaic redox reactions, while Cl − ions provide the structural stability necessary for reversibility of the electrode to mediate the redox reaction along with hydroxyl ions by electron transfer in quasi-reversible oxidation and reduction process of nickel and cobalt ions.…”

Advancement in Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Composites for Lithium and Sodium Ion Batteries

“…Among various energy storage systems, batteries (e.g. LIBs/SIBs) are attractive candidates for renewable energy storage due to their low cost, high energy density and environmental benignity [2][3][4][5]. Nevertheless, many challenges are still big hurdle in their real application due to lower power density and poor cyclic life.…”

“…In addition, large volume expansion during charging/discharging processes produces the strains in electrode materials, which can cause the delamination of active materials from current collector, resulted in severe capacity fading and poor cyclic stability. Besides, during volume expansion or in morphological and structural changes in most of electrode materials, causes the formation of newly SEI (solid electrolyte interface film), consequences the irreversible loss of capacity [2]. Therefore, electrode materials with high specific surface areas, high conductivity which could provide large sites for intercalation of ions for both insertion and conversion processes are required,…”