Electroconductive Blends of Poly(HEMA-co-PEGMA-co-HMMAco-SPMA) and Poly(Py- co-PyBA): In Vitro Biocompatibility

Abstract

Electroconductive hydrogels (ECHs) were prepared as blends of ultraviolet cross-linked poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [poly(HEMA)]-based hydrogels and in situ electrochemically synthesized polypyrrole (PPy). ECH blends, with potential for neuronal prosthetic devices, implantable biosensors, and electro-stimulated release devices, were produced on surface functionalized microfabricated and planar gold electrodes. Hydrogels were synthesized from hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate (PEGMA), N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]-acrylamide (HMMA), and 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt (SPMA) to produce p(HEMA-co-PEGMA-co-HMMA-co-SPMA). The electroconductive polymer component was electropolymerized from pyrrole and 4-(3 0 -pyrrolyl)butyric acid to form P(Py-co-PyBA) within the electrode-supported hydrogel. The dynamic electrochemical properties of Au*|Gel-P(Py-co-PyBA) were investigated using multiple scan rate cyclic voltammetry and electrical/electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) over the range 0.1-100 kHz and compared to Downloaded from there was a three-fold decrease in the magnitude of the absolute impedance, subsequent to electropolymerization. The in vitro biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of the polymer-modified gold surfaces were investigated using murine pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and human muscle fibroblasts (RMS13). For Au*|Gel-P(Py-co-PyBA) polymer films prepared with different electropolymerization times of 5, 25, and 50 s, there was an increase in cell proliferation of 49%, 61%, and 6% compared to initial cell seeding. These ECH blends have the desired characteristics of low interfacial impedance and noncytotoxicity that makes them good candidates for in vivo intramuscular and neural studies.

Microfabricated and 3-D Printed Soft Bioelectronic Constructs from PAn-PAAMPSA-Containing Hydrogels

“…The results indicated the importance of the cell type of interest when developing biomaterials and the need to evaluate with multiple cell lines and possibly, with co-cultures. In the case of nerve conduit development, hydrogels are a good candidate because of their high water content, tunable properties, potential for functionalization and structural similarity to the ECM [26]. However, due to a lack of bioactive sites, they must be synthesized to include proteins and peptides for promoting cell attachment.…”

Bioactive Electroconductive Hydrogels Yield Novel Biotransducers for Glucose

“…This may be addressed by including pyrrole monomer and pyrrolyl‐methacrylate monomer components directly into the hydrogel cocktail to better facilitate electropolymerization 21. The inclusion of pyrrole and 4‐(3‐pyrrolyl)butyric acid components within the hydrogel enhances electropolymerization kinetics and provides for compatibility with the immobilized enzyme 28…”

Hydrogel Actuators and Sensors for Biomedical Soft Robots: Brief Overview with Impending Challenges

“…They generally find applications in artificial muscles, biosensors, and drug release systems (Figure 3). Neural prostheses (NPs), which help in supporting the damaged central nervous system, are also made using electro-responsive hydrogels [81,82,83]. Further, the shape-changing property of hydrogels and their bending under electric fields are the advantages of these composites and can be useful in the design of various actuators.…”