Electrochromic properties of polycarbazole films

Verghese, Manju M.; Ram, Manoj K.; Vardhan, Harsh; Malhotra, Bansi D.; Ashraf, S. M.

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(96)00655-6

Cited by 78 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The current efficiency of carbazole polymerization was determined to be only 75%. The PCZ film was transparent and colorless in the dedoped state while it was dark green in the doped form, similarly to the literature [28,30,35]. The dedoped PCZ films were only partly soluble even in strong polar solvents such as DMSO, THF and acetone.…”

Section: Structural Characterizationssupporting

confidence: 84%

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Electrodeposition of High-quality Polycarbazole Films in Composite Electrolytes of Boron Trifluoride Diethyl Etherate and Ethyl Ether

Nie

Zhang

et al. 2006

J Appl Electrochem

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High-quality polycarbazole (PCZ) films were synthesized electrochemically by direct oxidation of carbazole in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE) containing vol. 20% ethyl ether (EE). The oxidation potential of carbazole in this medium was measured to be only 0.90 V vs. SCE, which was lower than that determined in acetonitrile containing 0.1 mol l )1 Bu 4 NBF 4 (1.35 V vs. SCE). PCZ films obtained from this medium showed better electrochemical behavior, better thermal stability with conductivity of 7.5 Â 10 )3 S cm )1 being one order of magnitude higher than those reported previously, indicating that BFEE/EE was a better medium than acetonitrile for the electrosyntheses of PCZ films. As-formed PCZ films can be partly dissolved in acetone, acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran. Spectral analysis provided evidence for the existence of the conjugated structure of the PCZ chain. Fluorescent spectra indicate that electrosynthesized PCZ is an ideal blue light emitter.

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Section: Structural Characterizationssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Many statements of the structure and polymerization mechanism of PCZ are translated from polypyrrole or polyindole studies. Therefore, extensive work has been devoted to the study of PCZ in the past several years [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition of High-quality Polycarbazole Films in Composite Electrolytes of Boron Trifluoride Diethyl Etherate and Ethyl Ether

Nie

Zhang

et al. 2006

J Appl Electrochem

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“…Electrochromism can be defined as the reversible change in optical properties of a material resulting from electrochemically induced redox states [1,2]. A wide variety of electrochromic materials are presently known, ranging from metal oxides and mixedvalence metal complexes to organic molecules and conjugated polymers [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous electrosynthesis of an electrochromic material based water-soluble EDOT-MeNH2 hydrochloride

et al. 2016

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. (2016). Aqueous electrosynthesis of an electrochromic material based water-soluble EDOT-MeNH2 hydrochloride. Synthetic Metals, 211 147-154. Aqueous electrosynthesis of an electrochromic material based watersoluble EDOT-MeNH2 hydrochlorideAbstract 2'-Aminomethyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT-MeNH2) showed unsatisfactory results when its polymerization occurred in organic solvent in our previous report. Therefore, a water-soluble EDOT derivative was designed by using hydrochloric modified EDOT-MeNH2 (EDOT-MeNH2·HCl) and electropolymerized in aqueous solution to form the corresponding polymer with excellent electrochromic properties. Moreover, the polymer was systematically explored, including electrochemical, optical properties and structure characterization. Cyclic voltammetry showed low oxidation potential of EDOT-MeNH2·HCl (0.85 V) in aqueous solution, leading to the facile electrodeposition of uniform the polymer film with outstanding electroactivity. Compared with poly(2′-aminomethyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOTMeNH2), poly(2′-aminomethyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene salt) (PEDOT-MeNH3 +A-) revealed higher efficiencies (156 cm2 C-1), lower bandgap (1.68 eV), and faster response time (1.4 s). Satisfactory results implied that salinization can not only change the polymerization system, but also adjust the optical absorption, thereby increase the electrochromic properties.

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“…The successive cyclic voltammetrys (CVs) of R-TE-PAA and TE-PAA in the electrolyte of 50% (vol) BFEE and 50% (vol) CH2Cl2 on a Pt electrode were recorded. As shown in Figure 5, the CVs of both R-TE-PAA and TE-PAA exhibited characteristic features of conducting polymers during potentiodynamic syntheses, such as polythiophene [46] and polypyrrole [47]. The increasing redox peak current density on each CV indicated the gradually growing of R-PTE-PAA and PTE-PAA films.…”

Section: Electrochemical Polymerization Of R-te-paa and Te-paamentioning

confidence: 91%

Preparation and characterization of polyacrylate functionalized polythiophene films

Liu

et al. 2018

MATEC Web Conf.

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Abstract. This paper is based on the effect of precursors' structure on the resultant electropolymers' electrochemical and optical and thermal properties. The polyacrylate functionalized thiophene with a narrow polydispersity index (PDI) was synthesized by means of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and then the free-standing and conducting conjugated polyacrylate functionalized polythiophene (R-PTE-PAA) film was prepared through electropolymerization in CH2Cl2 with 50% BFEE (boron trifluoride diethyl etherate). For comparison, the polyacrylate functionalized polythiophene (PTE-PAA) was also prepared with the precursor of a broad PDI from conventional free radical polymerization. The prepared polymers were characterized by UV-vis, FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometry. The R-PTE-PAA film showed the excellent electrochemical behavior, good blue-light property and high thermal stability. Compared with PTE-PAA, the R-PTE-PAA film presented the better electrochemical reversibility and stability. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the R-PTE-PAA film would be important for applications in electrochromics, supercapacitors and electrochemical sensors.

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Electrochromic properties of polycarbazole films

Cited by 78 publications

References 20 publications

Electrodeposition of High-quality Polycarbazole Films in Composite Electrolytes of Boron Trifluoride Diethyl Etherate and Ethyl Ether

Electrodeposition of High-quality Polycarbazole Films in Composite Electrolytes of Boron Trifluoride Diethyl Etherate and Ethyl Ether

Aqueous electrosynthesis of an electrochromic material based water-soluble EDOT-MeNH2 hydrochloride

Preparation and characterization of polyacrylate functionalized polythiophene films

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