Electrochromic materials based on tetra-substituted viologen analogues with broad absorption and good cycling stability

Huang, Zhen-jie; Li, Feng; Xie, Jia-Ping; Mou, Hong-rong; Gong, Cheng-Bin; Tang, Qian

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2021.110968

Cited by 34 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Currently, with the in-depth research of EC materials, multiple vivid and plentiful colors have been realized, which provides the color foundation for future multicolor EC subpixels. For organic EC materials, their color tuning mainly depends on structural modification. , For example, the colors of viologens in reduced states are dramatically affected by the interrelated substituent group, conjugated degree, and even counteranions. − Similarly, the side chain functionalization approach is also widely used for realizing the color tuning of CPs. , Furthermore, structural color is usually introduced to broaden the EC palette. , This approach has been discussed systematically in Section .…”

Section: Electrochromic Pixel Displaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Electrochromic Materials and Devices for Future Displays

et al. 2022

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With the rapid development of optoelectronic fields, electrochromic (EC) materials and devices have received remarkable attention and have shown attractive potential for use in emerging wearable and portable electronics, electronic papers/billboards, see-through displays, and other new-generation displays, due to the advantages of low power consumption, easy viewing, flexibility, stretchability, etc. Despite continuous progress in related fields, determining how to make electrochromics truly meet the requirements of mature displays (e.g., ideal overall performance) has been a long-term problem. Therefore, the commercialization of relevant high-quality products is still in its infancy. In this review, we will focus on the progress in emerging EC materials and devices for potential displays, including two mainstream EC display prototypes (segmented displays and pixel displays) and their commercial applications. Among these topics, the related materials/devices, EC performance, construction approaches, and processing techniques are comprehensively disscussed and reviewed. We also outline the current barriers with possible solutions and discuss the future of this field.

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Section: Electrochromic Pixel Displaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Electrochromic Materials and Devices for Future Displays

et al. 2022

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“…However, inorganic EC materials are limited in manifesting diverse colors and coloring adjustments. Organic materials such as conducting polymers and viologens have recently become an intensive research topic. − The conducting polymers have several advantages over inorganic compounds as EC materials, including good electrochemical stability, fast switching speed, high coloring efficiency (CE), easy large-area processing, and color tuning through chemical modification. Also, triphenylamine (TPA)-containing polymers have been developed as an attractive family of EC materials because of their colorless neutral state and intriguing EC behaviors. − In recent years, redox-active materials with optical absorption change in the near IR (NIR) region have drawn significant attention due to their potential applications in optical communication, data storage, and thermal control in buildings and spacecraft. ,− For example, Wan et al reported that the quinone-containing EC materials revealed high absorption in NIR upon electrochemical reduction .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substituents and Resonance Effects on the Electrochemical Stability of Polyelectrochromic Triarylamine-Based Polymers

Chern,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Two polyamides (PAs) (PA1 and PA2) with three electroactive nitrogen atoms within triphenylamine (TPA)-containing structures were synthesized from two diamine monomers, 4,4′--bis[(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)(4-aminophenyl)amino]-2″,4′′-dimethoxytriphenylamine (1-NH2 ) or 4,4′-bis(4-aminophenyl(4-methylphenyl)amino)-4′-methyltriphenylamine (2-NH2 ), and dicarboxylic acids via a phosphorylation polyamidation technique. PA1 exhibited highly integrated electrochromic performances, including multiple color changes (colorless to grass green, green, and blue), fast response speed (7.7/2.6 s at 422 nm for the first electrochromic process), high contrast of optical transmittance change (ΔT = 54% at 422 nm at the first oxidation stage), and excellent electrochromic stability. Introducing electron-donating ortho and para methoxy substituents and three electroactive nitrogen centers could effectively increase the electrochromic stability of the resulting PA1. At the first oxidation stage, PA1 exhibited the highest electrochromic stability (only 4.1 and 2.5% decay of its coloration efficiency (CE) at 422 and 1252 nm after 15,000 switching cycles, respectively) compared to all other TPA-based polymers. It was noteworthy for the first time that the polymers containing more electroactive nitrogen centers reveal longer wavelength absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region at the first oxidation stage due to cation radical delocalization. The delocalization could facilitate electrochromic stability, and the relationship between the structures and electrochromic stability for these TPA-based polymers was also investigated. In addition, these PAs exhibited good solubility in many solvents and could be solution-cast into flexible films. They showed good thermal stability with glass transition temperatures ranging from 236 to 278 °C and 10% weight loss in nitrogen at temperatures above 425 °C.

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“…24 Changing the substituents on the bipyridine rings was reported as one of the best alternatives for altering the electrochromic performance of viologens. 23,[25][26][27] Although viologens have been extensively studied, their practical applications are limited due to their inferior coloration efficiency, slow switching response, and poor stability. 28 To solve these drawbacks, the most Scheme 1 Synthesis of ZnPc-Br and ZnPc-V. (i) Zn(CH 3 COO) 2 , DMAE, reflux, 24 h; (ii) 1,3-dibromopropane, K 2 CO 3 , DMF, room temperature, overnight; (iii) 4,4 0 -bipyridine, acetonitrile, reflux, overnight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 Changing the substituents on the bipyridine rings was reported as one of the best alternatives for altering the electrochromic performance of viologens. 23,25–27 Although viologens have been extensively studied, their practical applications are limited due to their inferior coloration efficiency, slow switching response, and poor stability. 28 To solve these drawbacks, the most preferred strategy is to prepare hybrid structures, which contain metal chalcogenides, polymers, organic redox-active molecules in addition to the viologens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%