Electrochemistry of Lignin Materials and Derived Compounds

Chum, Helena L.; Sopher, David W.; Schroeder, Herbert A.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-4932-4_62

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Electrochemical process is one of the promising greener approaches for oxidative pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass, as it is a reagent-free process (Frontana-Uribe et al, 2010 ) and entails electrochemical generation of oxidizing agent such as hydroxyl radical to decompose organics or polymers to their mineralization (Sires et al, 2014 ). It is highly dependent on type of solvent and supporting electrolyte, nature of electrode and the electrode potential (Chum et al, 1985 ). The process provides means of valorization of lignin to high value compounds such as fine chemicals or biofuels, an essential feature of future biorefinery industries (Tuck et al, 2012 ; Luque and Triantafyllidis, 2016 ).…”

Section: Greener Oxidative Processes For Biomass Conversion-selectivimentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignocellulosic Biomass Transformations via Greener Oxidative Pretreatment Processes: Access to Energy and Value-Added Chemicals

et al. 2018

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Anthropogenic climate change, principally induced by the large volume of carbon dioxide emission from the global economy driven by fossil fuels, has been observed and scientifically proven as a major threat to civilization. Meanwhile, fossil fuel depletion has been identified as a future challenge. Lignocellulosic biomass in the form of organic residues appears to be the most promising option as renewable feedstock for the generation of energy and platform chemicals. As of today, relatively little bioenergy comes from lignocellulosic biomass as compared to feedstock such as starch and sugarcane, primarily due to high cost of production involving pretreatment steps required to fragment biomass components via disruption of the natural recalcitrant structure of these rigid polymers; low efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of refractory feedstock presents a major challenge. The valorization of lignin and cellulose into energy products or chemical products is contingent on the effectiveness of selective depolymerization of the pretreatment regime which typically involve harsh pyrolytic and solvothermal processes assisted by corrosive acids or alkaline reagents. These unselective methods decompose lignin into many products that may not be energetically or chemically valuable, or even biologically inhibitory. Exploring milder, selective and greener processes, therefore, has become a critical subject of study for the valorization of these materials in the last decade. Efficient alternative activation processes such as microwave- and ultrasound irradiation are being explored as replacements for pyrolysis and hydrothermolysis, while milder options such as advanced oxidative and catalytic processes should be considered as choices to harsher acid and alkaline processes. Herein, we critically abridge the research on chemical oxidative techniques for the pretreatment of lignocellulosics with the explicit aim to rationalize the objectives of the biomass pretreatment step and the problems associated with the conventional processes. The mechanisms of reaction pathways, selectivity and efficiency of end-products obtained using greener processes such as ozonolysis, photocatalysis, oxidative catalysis, electrochemical oxidation, and Fenton or Fenton-like reactions, as applied to depolymerization of lignocellulosic biomass are summarized with deliberation on future prospects of biorefineries with greener pretreatment processes in the context of the life cycle assessment.

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Section: Greener Oxidative Processes For Biomass Conversion-selectivimentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignocellulosic Biomass Transformations via Greener Oxidative Pretreatment Processes: Access to Energy and Value-Added Chemicals

et al. 2018

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“…D-Mannose is a freely available sugar which can be obtained from the hemicellulosic part of the biomass. The galactoglucomannans, the main hemicelluloses in softwoods, are composed of a linear backbone of b-D-mannopyranose and b-D-glucopyranose (in a ratio approximately 1:4) linked by 1,4 0 -glycosidic bonds [2]. The catalytic and electro-catalytic oxidation of mannose has been the subject of relatively few investigations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-oxidation of d-mannose on platinum, gold and nickel electrodes in aqueous medium

Parpot

Santos

Bettencourt

2007

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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“…Moreover, the scarcely controlled, and possibly potential-dependent, interaction of the metal particles with the surface moieties of the supporting electrode and electrolyte further complicates efforts to identify correlations between the structure of electrocatalysts and their electrocatalytic activity. Despite decades of research [32,33], along with many review articles (for example, [31,33,34]), monographs [35][36][37][38] and handbooks on organic electrochemistry (for example, [39]), these complications continue to contribute to a lack of evident correlations to guide the choice of catalyst and to transform any particular functional group. The characteristics of an electrocatalyst suitable for use with an organic electrolyte are: 1) high electrochemical reaction rates (i.e., at a small overpotential), 2) selectivity (to avoid undesired side reactions) and 3) long times on stream.…”

Section: Renewable Organic Redox Shuttlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocatalysts for Using Renewably-Sourced, Organic Electrolytes for Redox Flow Batteries

Weber

2021

Catalysts

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Biomass could be a source of the redox shuttles that have shown promise for operation as high potential, organic electrolytes for redox flow batteries. There is a sufficient quantity of biomass to satisfy the growing demand to buffer the episodic nature of renewably produced electricity. However, despite a century of effort, it is still not evident how to use existing information from organic electrochemistry to design the electrocatalysts or supporting electrolytes that will confer the required activity, selectivity and longevity. In this research, the use of a fiducial reaction to normalize reaction rates is shown to fail.

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Electrochemistry of Lignin Materials and Derived Compounds

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Lignocellulosic Biomass Transformations via Greener Oxidative Pretreatment Processes: Access to Energy and Value-Added Chemicals

Lignocellulosic Biomass Transformations via Greener Oxidative Pretreatment Processes: Access to Energy and Value-Added Chemicals

Electro-oxidation of d-mannose on platinum, gold and nickel electrodes in aqueous medium

Electrocatalysts for Using Renewably-Sourced, Organic Electrolytes for Redox Flow Batteries

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