Electrochemiluminescence detection of methamphetamine based on a Ru(bpy)₃²⁺‐doped silica nanoparticles/Nafion composite film modified electrode

Abstract

An electrochemiluminescence (ECL) approach for methamphetamine determination was developed based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with a Ru(bpy)₃ (2+)-doped silica nanoparticles/Nafion composite film. The monodispersed nanoparticles, which were about 50 nm in size, were synthesized using the water-in-oil microemulsion method. The ECL results revealed that Ru(bpy)₃ (2+) doped in silica nanoparticles retained its original photo- and electrochemical properties. The ECL intensity was found to be proportional to methamphetamine concentration over the range from 1.0 × 10(-7) to 1.0 × 10(-5) mol L(-1), and the detection limit was found to be 2.6 × 10(-8) mol L(-1). The proposed ECL approach was used to analyze the methamphetamine content in drugs.

Electroanalytical Sensing of Ketamine Using Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence

“…[Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ is one the most important ECL reagents and the most widely used complexes for analytical investigations and applications owing to their excellent intrinsic characteristics. [17][18][19][20] It has been widely employed in biological matrixes, 21 pharmaceutical 22 and some drugs containing tertiary amine functional group 21,[23][24][25] due to its continuance, sensitivity, reproducibility and selectivity toward many target analytes. 21,24,26,27 Generally, the amino group present in amine produces a secondary amine following by a dealkylation process in the presence of water.…”

“…[17][18][19][20] It has been widely employed in biological matrixes, 21 pharmaceutical 22 and some drugs containing tertiary amine functional group 21,[23][24][25] due to its continuance, sensitivity, reproducibility and selectivity toward many target analytes. 21,24,26,27 Generally, the amino group present in amine produces a secondary amine following by a dealkylation process in the presence of water. The radical cation of the amine is able to react with [Ru(bpy) 3 28 This is the first time that the electroanalytical sensing of Ketamine in buffer solution using ECL has been reported.…”

Rare Elements Electrochemistry: The Development of a Novel Electrochemical Sensor for the Rapid Detection of Europium in Environmental Samples Using Gold Electrode Modified with 2-pyridinol-1-oxide

“…It has been widely employed in biological matrixes, [15][16] pharmaceutical 17 and some drugs containing tertiary amine functional group 15,[18][19][20] due to its continuance, sensitivity, reproducibility and selectivity towards many target analytes. 15,19,[21][22] Electrochemical determination has been carried out at gold electrodes owing to its wide potential window, strong adsorption tendency, low background current and easy maintenance. In coordination chemistry 2-pyridinol-1-oxide has been extensively employed as a ligand.…”

Cathodic electrochemiluminescence of the peroxydisulphate–ciprofloxacin system and its analytical applications

“…The first kind is an inorganic complex system, such as the Ru(2,2′-bipyridine) 3 2+ -S 2 O 8 2system (7); Ru(2,2′-bipyridine) 3 2+ is reduced to Ru(2,2′-bipyridine) 3 + and at the same time peroxydisulphate is reduced to sulphate free radical (SO 4 •− ). The oxidation of Ru(2,2′-bipyridine) 3 + by SO 4 •− produced luminescence. The second kind is the nanomaterial-S 2 O 8 2− system (8)(9)(10); at a negative potential, nanomaterials such as CdS, CdSe, CdTe and ZnS are reduced to their reduced intermediates, while S 2 O 8 2is reduced to SO 4 •− , then the reduced nanomaterial intermediates can react with SO 4 •− to emit light.…”

“…The oxidation of Ru(2,2′-bipyridine) 3 + by SO 4 •− produced luminescence. The second kind is the nanomaterial-S 2 O 8 2− system (8)(9)(10); at a negative potential, nanomaterials such as CdS, CdSe, CdTe and ZnS are reduced to their reduced intermediates, while S 2 O 8 2is reduced to SO 4 •− , then the reduced nanomaterial intermediates can react with SO 4 •− to emit light. The third kind is the organic compound-S 2 O 8 2− system, which will have wide applications in ECL analysis (11).…”