Electrochemically synthesized polymers in molecular imprinting for chemical sensing

Abstract

This critical review describes a class of polymers prepared by electrochemical polymerization that employs the concept of molecular imprinting for chemical sensing. The principal focus is on both conducting and nonconducting polymers prepared by electropolymerization of electroactive functional monomers, such as pristine and derivatized pyrrole, aminophenylboronic acid, thiophene, porphyrin, aniline, phenylenediamine, phenol, and thiophenol. A critical evaluation of the literature on electrosynthesized molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) applied as recognition elements of chemical sensors is presented. The aim of this review is to highlight recent achievements in analytical applications of these MIPs, including present strategies of determination of different analytes as well as identification and solutions for problems encountered.

Molecularly imprinted silica films prepared by electroassisted deposition for the selective detection of dopamine

“…not complicated by the formation of leucodopaminechrome or polydopamine since the chemical step is much slower in acidic pH than in neutral medium. [16,23,46] As observed, the scan towards positive potentials shows an oxidation peak at +0.63 V corresponding to the irreversible oxidation of AA, and the oxidation peak of DA M a n u s c r i p t 11 appears at +0.81 V, overlapped to the diffusion tail of the AA oxidation. In the reverse scan dopaminechrome is reduced in a single peak at +0.79 V. …”

“…[2,[4][5][6][7]9,10,15]These films often suffer from the presence of pinholes because film does not grow uniformly over the electrode with standard techniques. [16] It drives to a lowering of the performance of the resulting electrochemical sensor. Then, the use of electrochemical deposition methods can improve the performance of the modified electrodes by obtaining films that are more homogeneous.…”

Electroplating for Decorative Applications: Recent Trends in Research and Development

“…The need for the complete absence of water is also one of the main drawbacks of this process; in fact ionic liquids are very sensitive to moisture and therefore they must be employed in a special closed environment with a controlled atmosphere. The electropolymerization process involves the reaction of organic monomeric precursors driven by an external electric potential [40][41][42][43][44]. Differently from the aqueous-based electrodeposition, the organic molecules not only occur in a redox reaction, but they also form a network leading to the formation of a polymer.…”

Synthesis of Uniform and Stable Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Particles by Precipitation Polymerization

“…MIPs are able to selectively rebind the target molecules from the sample when the template molecules are removed giving recognition cavity matching to the template molecule in shape, size and chemical functionality formed in polymer matrix. Due to numerous advantages of MIPs as good mechanical, thermal, and chemical stabilities with high selectivity to the target molecules, they are extremely practical in a wide range of applications such as selective stationary phase for solid-phase extraction (SPE) 4,5 , chromatographic separation 6,7 , chemical sensors 8 and drug controlled release 9,10 . Generally, there are two binding interactions between template and functional monomer, one employing covalent bond and the other utilizing non-covalent interactions.…”