Electrochemically Exfoliated Layered Carbons as Sustainable Anode Materials for Lead Carbon Hybrid Ultracapacitor

Abstract

Lead‐carbon hybrid ultracapacitors (Pb−C HUC) have become apparent as a way out of the sulfation issue of lead‐acid batteries, simultaneously enhancing the system‘s power density and cycle life. In this work, exfoliated graphene oxides (EGO) were synthesized by the electrochemical exfoliation method followed by chemical activation and carbonization at 600 °C (AEGO‐600). The composite electrode delivered 800 F g−1 capacitance at 1 A g−1. The Pb−C HUC fabricated using AEGO‐600 anode and PbO2 cathode can achieve capacitance of 325 F g−1 at 10 A g−1 and retain 71 % capacitance after 15000 charge‐discharge cycles in the voltage range of 2.3–0.8 V. The highly stable capacitance was due to the formation of layered carbons in AEGO‐600 that enhanced the favorable electrolyte ion assessment to maximum active sites. Owing to the facile, cost‐effective synthesis approach and better charge storage behavior, the activated‐exfoliated graphene oxides thus produced could be suitable candidates for future hybrid ultracapacitor systems.

Carbon Nanomaterials‐Enabled High‐Performance Supercapacitors: A Review

“…Through properly choosing the starting materials, engineering pore structures, and decorating heteroatoms in the scaffold, the produced carbon nanomaterials have enabled pure carbonbased SC electrodes, improving their specific capacitance level from previous around 100 F g À1 [15] to the present over 500 F g À1 . [17,85,110,182,189] After further hybridizing with transition metal oxides, conductive polymers, or other pseudocapacitive substances, the produced hybrid SC electrodes can further enhance the record specific capacitance exceeding 1000 F g À1 . [27,59,117,121,153,190,200] As a result, the small energy density, the main shortage of SCs, has been more or less alleviated.…”