Electrochemically Activated Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Determination of Ibuprofen

Abstract

In this study, we present a simple, sensitive and selective analytical procedure for the ibuprofen (IBP) analysis using the commercially available screen-printed carbon electrode electrochemically activated (aSPCE) by cyclic voltammetry in 0.1 M NaOH. The quantitative determinations of IBP were carried out in 0.25 M acetate buffer solution of pH 4.5 ± 0.1 using the differential-pulse voltammetry (DPV). Different experimental parameters for DPV analysis were optimized, including pH and concentration of supporting electrolyte, amplitude (ΔEA), scan rate (ν) and modulation time (tm). The linear ranges of calibration curve were from 0.50–20.0 and 20.0–500.0 µM. The detection and quantification limits were estimated to be 0.059 and 0.20 µM. The aSPCE displayed satisfactory repeatability, reproducibility, and selectivity. Furthermore, the DPV procedure with the use of aSPCE was used to determination of IBP in pharmaceutical formulations. The results achieved by DPV show satisfactory agreement with those obtained by manufacturers (the relative errors are in the range of 3.1–4.7%).

Screen-Printed Voltammetric Sensors—Tools for Environmental Water Monitoring of Painkillers

“…Ibuprofen ( (2–4 isobutyphenyl) propionic acid is commonly prescribed to treat chronic and acute pain and many rheumatic and musculoskeletal disorders. IB is also used to reduce fever [ 87 ]. Its action is due to the inhibition of cyclo-oxygenases, which are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins involved in producing pain, inflammation, and fever [ 88 ].…”

“…In the literature are few articles describing the use of screen-printed sensors in the monitoring of painkillers residues (DF, PA, IB, and TR) in environmental waters samples [ 82 , 83 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 ]. These sensors have also found application in the determination of painkillers in pharmaceutical preparations and biological samples, e.g., urine and serum [ 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 96 , 97 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 ]. There are no studies on voltammetric procedures to determine acetylsalicylic acid and naproxen in water samples in the literature.…”

Polyglycine Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Ibuprofen Determination

“…The limit of detection (LOD) obtained by CV was 0.1 μM. Activated screen‐printed carbon electrode was used for Ibu determination in pharmaceutical formulations [15] . Acetic buffer (0.25 M, pH 4.5) was used as a supporting electrolyte.…”

A Zirconia‐Nanoparticles‐Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Voltammetric Determination of Ibuprofen

“…[39][40][41] The electrochemical methods for ibuprofen determination in pharmaceutical preparations are mostly voltammetric and involve the use of a variety of working electrodes. [15,[17][18][19][20][21][23][24][25][42][43][44][45][46][47] These include bare glassy carbon, [20] bare graphite, [42] screen printed graphite, [43] activated screen printed carbon, [44] and boron-doped diamond [19,24] electrodes, as well as of a range of modified carbon-based electrodes such as multiwalled carbon nanotubes-modified glassy carbon electrode, [45] multiwalled carbon nanotubes-modified carbon paste electrodes, [15,18] carbon nanofiber-modified screen printed carbon electrode, [17] poly(L-aspartic acid)-modified glassy carbon electrode, [21] silvermodified zeolite-multiwalled carbon nanotube-epoxy electrode, [46] Pt(II)-modified pencil graphite electrode, [47] and clay-modified carbon paste electrodes, [23,25] among other. Particular attention should be paid to the boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes [19,22,24] due to their wide potential window in aqueous solutions, allowing ibuprofen determination without the interference of the oxygen evolution reaction, as well as to the carbon paste electrodes (CPE) [15,23,25] due to their low cost, low background current, simple prep...…”

“…The electrochemical methods for ibuprofen determination in pharmaceutical preparations are mostly voltammetric and involve the use of a variety of working electrodes [15,17–21,23–25,42–47] . These include bare glassy carbon, [20] bare graphite, [42] screen printed graphite, [43] activated screen printed carbon, [44] and boron‐doped diamond [19,24] electrodes, as well as of a range of modified carbon‐based electrodes such as multiwalled carbon nanotubes‐ modified glassy carbon electrode, [45] multiwalled carbon nanotubes‐modified carbon paste electrodes, [15,18] carbon nanofiber‐modified screen printed carbon electrode, [17] poly(L‐aspartic acid)‐modified glassy carbon electrode, [21] silver‐modified zeolite‐multiwalled carbon nanotube‐epoxy electrode, [46] Pt(II)‐ modified pencil graphite electrode, [47] and clay‐modified carbon paste electrodes, [23,25] among other.…”