Electrochemical reduction of trinitrotoluene on core–shell tin–carbon electrodes

The electrochemical reduction of trinitrotoluene on a platinum wire modified by chemisorbed acetonitrile

“…Therefore, it could be concluded that TNT reduction products were oxidized at this potential. The same behaviour of TNT reduction products was observed on a core-shell tin-carbon electrode [15].…”

“…Various electrodes have been used for the electrochemical reduction of TNT, such as: glassy carbon [10], carbon-fiber [9,14,16], carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon [18], tin-carbon [15], gold [17], gold modified with self-assembled monolayers [11], boron doped diamond [12], polycrystalline Pt [19], and copolypeptide-doped polyaniline nanofibers [20]. The state-ofthe-art in electrochemical sensing of explosives has recently been reviewed [21].…”

“…Electrochemical sensors of nitroaromatic compounds are based on the ready electrochemical reduction of their electron-deficient nitro-group(s). Electrochemical procedures involving potentiometric methods, such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) [10,15] and square-wave voltammetry (SWV) [9][10][11][12][13][14]16], were developed for the detection of TNT in water [12][13][14], soil [15,16], and the gaseous phase [17]. Cyclic voltammograms and square-wave voltammograms were recorded to determine the potentials corresponding to the peaks currents, which were found to be directly proportional to the TNT concentration [10,12,14,18].…”

Application of advanced oxidation processes for TNT removal: A review

“…Firstly, the denitratation of TNT results in 2,4-DNT and/or 2,6-DNT, of which nitro group is cleaved to form Electrochemical reduction Under anoxic conditions: 2,6-diamino-4-nitrotoluene, 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene, 2,2 ,4,4 -tetranitro-6,6 -azoxytoluene and 4,2 ,6,6 -tetranitro-2,4 -azoxytoluene [76] Under oxic conditions: 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, 2,2 ,4,4 -tetranitro-6,6 -azoxytoluene and 4,2 ,6,6 -tetranitro-2,4 -azoxytoluene Electrochemical reduction 2,6-Diamino-4-nitrotoluene, 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene, 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, 2,4,6-triaminotoluene, 2,2 ,6,6 -tetranitro-4,4 -azoxytoluene 4,2 ,6,6 -tetranitro-2,4 -azoxytoluene and 2,2 ,4,4 -tetranitro-6,6 -azoxytoluene [77] Electrochemical reduction Pathway 1: 2-nitroso-4-hyroxlamino-6-nitrotoluene, 2-amine-4-nitroso-6-hdroxylaminotoluene, triaminotoluene [118] Pathway 2: 4,6-dinitro-2-aminotoluene, 2,4-amino-6-nitrotoluene and triaminotoluene Electrochemical assisted photocatalytic degradation 2-Amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene; 4, amino,2-6, dinitrotoluene; 1,3,5-trinitroibenzene; 3, 5-dinitroaniline.…”

Porphyrin Functionalized Graphene for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Ultratrace Explosives

“…To sensitively and electrochemically detect explosives, the electrodes should have good adsorptive characteristics for the nitroaromatic explosives, fast charge transfer capability and large reaction surface area [20,21]. Different nanomaterials, such as MWNTs [20], SWNTs [21], mesoporous silica [22], boron doped diamond [23], and core-shell tin-carbon [24] have been used to functionalize electrodes in electrochemical detection of explosives. Even though these materials have shown enhanced performance in the detections, it still remains a challenge to develop new functional nanomaterials for further improvement.…”