Electrochemical reduction of elemental sulfur in aprotic solvents. Formation of a stable S8- species

Long term stability of superoxide ion in piperidinium, pyrrolidinium and phosphonium cations-based ionic liquids and its utilization in the destruction of chlorobenzenes

“…O ÁÀ 2 has been used in many applications such as reduction of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) in DMF [31], reduction of elemental sulfur in DMSO [32]; nucleophilic oxygenation of CO 2 to form the peroxydicarbonate C 2 O 2À 6 species [33,34]; electrosynthesis of H 2 O 2 [27,35]; reaction with vitamin K 1 and its related compounds in the presence of crown ether to produce the corresponding 2,3-oxide and phthalic acid [36]; reaction with 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol (DTBCH 2 ), ascorbic acid, dihydrophenazine, and dihydrolumiflavin to produce their respective anion radicals [37]; reaction with 1,2-disubstituted hydrazines to produce the anion radical of the 1,2-disubstituted azo compound [38]; oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding carboxylic acids and ketones respectively [39][40][41] [43] who found that the generated O ÁÀ 2 was unstable, thus could not be utilized in reactions. AlNashef et al (2001,2002) were the first group to prove that generation of stable superoxide can be done in the imidazolium based ILs (ImILs) [27,44].…”

Electrochemical reduction of dioxygen in Bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide based ionic liquids

“…Many studies have been done on applications of O ÅÀ 2 such as destruction of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., PCB's and HCB) [63,34,20], dichloroethene, trichloroethene, and tetrachloroethene in DMF or acetonitrile [11]; reduction of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) in DMF [42], reduction of elemental sulfur in DMSO [45]; nucleophilic oxygenation of carbon dioxide to form the peroxydicarbonate C 2 O 2À 6 species [52,13]; reaction with vitamin K 1 and its related compounds in the presence of crown ether to produce the corresponding 2,3-oxide and phthalic acid [55]; reaction with 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol (DTBCH 2 ), ascorbic acid, dihydrophenazine, and dihydrolumiflavin to produce their respective anion radicals [57]; reaction with 1,2-disubstituted hydrazines to produce the anion radical of the 1,2-disubstituted azo compound [10]; oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding carboxylic acids and ketones respectively [61,1].…”

Review of Electrolyte for Lithium Sulfur Battery

“…单质硫在非质子溶剂中的氧化还原反应始自 1970 年, 美国加州大学 Sawyer 研究小组 [18] 使用金电极对单 质硫在非质子性溶剂二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中的电化学还 原过程进行了分析, 采用循环伏安法(CV)等方法测得了 单质硫的氧化还原电位, 并且研究了 S 8 分子在金电极 上的多步还原过程. 1973 年, 该研究小组 [19] 对单质硫的 电化学还原进行了更加深入的研究, 提出硫在非质子性 溶剂中选择性还原以及鉴别不同链长 Li 2 S n (4≤n≤8)的 基本原则, 为锂硫电池的发展提供了坚实的理论基础.…”