Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance study of polyelectrolyte film growth under anodic conditions

Nilsson, Sara; Björefors, Fredrik; Robinson, Nathaniel D.

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.05.062

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…For example, the working temperature is 80 °C for industrial applications instead of room temperature usually used in the current reports. The electrolyte [214] Copyright 2013, Wiley-VCH. b) The mass loss and activity of FeOOH on Au and Pt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural Variations of Metal Oxide‐Based Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

et al. 2021

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including solar, wind, hydro, and biofuel, are highly desired to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. However, according to the data provided by International Energy Agency, the global energy demand is 120 Mtoe in 2019, most (80%) of which was derived from fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, oil), leading to a huge CO 2 emission (33Gt in 2019). [1][2][3] One of the difficulties hindering the widespread use of these renewable energy sources is their intermittent and unpredictable nature. [4,5] Electrochemical reaction, a promising strategy for converting intermittent electricity into chemical energy, can produce a wide variety of important fuels and chemical feedstock, including hydrogen, hydrocarbons and ammonia. [6][7][8] The feedstocks for these productions obtained from electrochemical reactions can be offered by abundant and universal source, such as water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen. In last decades, due to the net-zero carbon emission features, electrochemical reactions have initiated extensive investigations based on water splitting reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) and carbon dioxide reduction reaction. [9][10][11][12] In these green technologies, electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), a core reaction of these process, has a direct impact on device efficiency and cost effectiveness (Figure 1). [13,14] However, OER involves multistep four-electron transferring steps associated with OH breaking and OO formations, thus suffering from sluggish kinetics and requiring a high energy loss (high potential). Therefore, efficient and stable OER electrocatalysts are required to make these renewable energy storage/conversion processes to be viable and scalable technologies. [15,16,221,222] The OER catalysts can be classified into two categories: [17,18] molecular catalysts for homogeneous system and solid catalysts for heterogeneous system. In the homogeneous catalytic system, the molecular catalysts and the electrolyte are in solution, and the OER takes place in the liquid phase. The performance of molecular OER catalysts can be explained and understood at a molecular level by many relatively simple spectroscopic physicochemical techniques. Based on the mechanistic understanding at a molecular level, their geometric and electronic properties are much easier to be fine-tuned to achieve optimum performance by careful selection of the metal ion and ligand environment. Despite all these advantages, molecular catalysts are still not appropriate to be used in practical Electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), an important electrode reaction in electrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical cells for a carbonfree energy cycle, has attracted considerable attention in the last few years. Metal oxides have been considered as good candidates for electrocatalytic OER because they can be easily synthesized and are relatively stable during the OER process. However, inevitable structural variations still occur to them due to the complex reaction steps and harsh working conditions of OER, thus impending the ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Variations of Metal Oxide‐Based Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

et al. 2021

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“…In that case, a single layer deposition of proteins could be performed and higher voltages lead to larger adsorptions in water. The growth of the resulting films was monitored by using optical waveguide light-mode spectroscopy [238], UV spectroscopy [239], electrochemical-QCM [240,241], and plasmonic sensors [242]. Later, electro-assisted LbL depositions of PSS/PAH and Dextran/PLL films were found to be favored by application of potentials between 1 and 2 V [243].…”

Section: Non-covalent Film Deposition Enhanced By Electrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical nanoarchitectonics and layer-by-layer assembly: From basics to future

et al. 2015

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No. of Pages 30 2 G. Rydzek et al. SummaryDuring the last few decades, electrochemistry and electrode modification have seen a tremendous fall off in creativity with the emergence of the nanoarchitectonic-based layerby-layer (LbL) film deposition technique. An unprecedented variety of building blocks can be immobilized on surfaces, leading to progress in several fields including sensing, electrochromic, electro-responsive and energy devices. This review describes the state of the art of electrochemical devices based on LbL assemblies, with a focus on supercapacitors, biosensors, and electroresponsive LbL such as electrodissolution/electroswelling of coatings. Recently, electrochemistry has also been used as an ''active trigger'' to induce the formation of films by covalent coupling, leading to new nanoarchitectonic approaches beyond the LbL strategy. These emerging electro-coupling reactions, including electroclick and carbazole chemistry, open new perspectives toward architecture and patterning of functional films and are extensively reviewed.

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“…As we were primarily interested in the response from the QCM and how the applied potential influenced the deposition of PLL on Pt and ITO, we did not analyze the current in detail. However, we used the current when comparing the rate of water electrolysis to previous results obtained by van Tassel et al 39,40 This will be further discussed in Chapter 4.…”

Section: Electrochemical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodes and Electrokinetic Systems for Biotechnological Applications

Nilsson¹

2015

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations

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Research in bioelectronics studies biological systems and materials in combination with electronic interfaces for the development of devices, e.g., for medical applications, drug and toxicity tests, and biotechnology in general. Neural implants and pacemakers are examples of products developed from this area of research. Conducting polymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) bridge biology and electronics with a combination of biocompatibility, flexibility, and capability to themselves undergo redox reactions. Electrokinetics, a related branch of science, describes the motion of fluids and particles caused by the application of an electric field, and includes various separation techniques such as gel electrophoresis. Applying an electric field in a sufficiently small diameter silica capillary can cause the liquid in the capillary to move. This phenomenon, referred to as electroosmosis, plays an important role in miniaturized microfluidic systems and can be used to drive flow in a so-called electroosmotic pump.This thesis describes research at the interface between biology, chemistry and electronics. The first two papers probe the adsorption mechanism of poly-L-lysine, often used in biotechnological applications, onto hard materials such as metals (platinum) and metal oxides (indium tin oxide). By employing a gravimetric technique, quartz crystal microgravimetry with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) combined with electrochemistry, we studied the process by which poly-L-lysine is deposited onto two different conducting substrates under anodic conditions. We found that indium tin oxide is more suitable than platinum for anodic electrodeposition of PLL, however, the exact film deposition mechanism is not fully understood. Paper 3 demonstrates the applicability of using conducting polymers, (e.g., PEDOT) instead of platinum as electrode material in gel electrophoresis. The last paper describes the fabrication and characterization of an electroosmotic pump consisting of a potassium silicate stationary phase in a fused silica capillary and the integration of the pump into a system for use, e.g., as a bioreactor. Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattningBiologi och elektronik har historiskt varit två separata forskningsområden som i nuläget till stor del även kombineras inom fältet bioelektronik. Ett viktigt exempel inom bioelektroniken är utvecklingen av pacemakern under 1950-talet. Andra exempel på applikationer är bl. a. biosensorer, neurologiska implantat och miniatyriserade analyssystem, s.k. Lab-On-a-Chip. Inom bioelektronik syftar man till att studera och påverka biologiska system och material med elektroteknik. År 2000 gavs Nobelpriset i kemi till Heeger, MacDiarmid och Shirakawa för deras utveckling av elektriskt ledande polymerer samt möjligheten att öka dess ledningsförmåga genom en process som kallas dopning. Konjugerade polymerer såsom poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) är viktiga verktyg för att binda samman biologi med elektronik genom deras flexibilitet, biokompatibilitet samt förmågan...

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Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance study of polyelectrolyte film growth under anodic conditions

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Structural Variations of Metal Oxide‐Based Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Structural Variations of Metal Oxide‐Based Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Electrochemical nanoarchitectonics and layer-by-layer assembly: From basics to future

Electrodes and Electrokinetic Systems for Biotechnological Applications

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