Electrochemical preparation of zinc oxide/polypyrrole nanocomposite coating for the highly effective solid-phase microextraction of phthalate esters

Abstract

In this work, zinc oxide/polypyrrole nanocomposite coating was fabricated on stainless steel and evaluated as a novel headspace solid-phase microextraction fiber coating for extraction of ultra-trace amounts of environmental pollutants, namely, phthalate esters, in water samples. The fiber nanocomposite were prepared by a two-step process including the electrochemical deposition of polypyrrole on the surface of stainless steel in the first step, and electrochemical deposition of zinc oxide nanosheets in the second step. Porous structure together with zinc oxide nanosheets with the average diameter of 30 nm were observed on the surface by using scanning electron microscopy. The effective parameters on extraction of phthalate esters (i.e., extraction temperature, extraction time, desorption temperature, desorption time, salt concentration, and stirring rate) were investigated and optimized by one-variable-at-a-time method. Under optimized conditions (extraction temperature, 90°C; extraction time, 40 min; desorption temperature, 270°C; desorption time, 5 min; salt concentration, 25% w/v; and stirring rate, 1000 rpm), the limits of detection were in the range of 0.05-0.8 μg/L, and the repeatability and fiber-to-fiber reproducibility were in the ranges of 6.1-7.3% and 8.7-10.2%, respectively.

Determination of Phthalate Esters in Water and Coffee by Solid‐Phase Microextraction Using Vinyl Terminated Imidazolium Based Ionic Liquid Grafted on Graphene Oxide Coatings

“…Moreover, the proposed method for the analysis of PAEs was compared with other SPME methods recently reported in literature (Table ). This proposed method with the novel GO‐H 2 NC 3 VIm + Br − home‐made fiber represents shorter extraction time, wider linear range and lower LODs than the reported literature given.…”

High-efficiency solid-phase microextraction performance of polypyrrole enhanced titania nanoparticles for sensitive determination of polar chlorophenols and triclosan in environmental water samples

“…The utilization of PPy as a coating material in SPME has been reported previously for the extraction of organic compounds. [35][36][37][38] TiO 2 nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) are well-dened nanomaterials with large specic surface area, high chemical stability, durability, corrosion resistance, and low-toxicity, and they are easily functionalized by incorporation of organic groups. TiO 2 NPs have been employed as ber coatings for the preconcentration and determination of a wide range of organic compounds.…”