Electrochemical Polishing of Austenitic Stainless Steels

Łyczkowska-Widłak, Edyta; Lochyński, Paweł; Nawrat, G.

doi:10.3390/ma13112557

Cited by 49 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Tests of surface quality after electropolishing were conducted on samples 30 mm wide and 90 mm long, with a hole of a diameter of 12 mm located 5 mm away from the upper edge. e upper part of the samples was protected with the PTFE tape, and the resulting exposure surface was 35 cm 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Along with the technology development, the demand for surfaces with a smooth, homogeneous, very clean, and corrosion-resistant surface increased. Currently, the electropolishing process is used both in the production of everyday objects and elements of special equipment [1,2]. e applications of the electropolishing process described in the literature also include its use for surface processing of such elements used in biomedicine as stents or implants [3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Reduction of Industrial Baths Used for Electropolishing of Stainless Steel

Lochyński

Charazińska

Łyczkowska-Widłak

et al. 2018

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Long-term exploitation of industrial electropolishing baths may contribute to the emergence of surface defects and may limit the range of applicable current densities. Due to this, extending the time of use of industrial baths is a major challenge. The application of electrochemical reduction in the process of reduction industrial baths enabled to reduce its contamination and, as a result, to enhance the surface quality of electropolished samples of grade 304 stainless steel. The contamination influence of the electropolishing bath on such parameters of the electropolished samples as roughness, gloss, mass reduction, and corrosion resistance was compared. The conducted tests included reduction of the contaminated industrial bath with use of cathodic reduction and monitoring of bath contamination with use of emission spectrometry ICP-OES. Potentiodynamic tests in 0.5 M chlorine environment with the aim to determine the influence of electrochemical reduction of the plating bath on surface resistance demonstrated that the pitting corrosion resistance of samples electropolished in a bath after reduction was reduced by approximately 0.1 V in comparison with samples electropolished before reduction. The calculations conducted for 24 corrosion resistance measurements demonstrated that differences between the results were significant. Bath reduction leads to improved roughness and gloss, even by approximately 500 GU (gloss units). At the same time, mass reduction decreases even by 13% in comparison with the process conducted in the bath before reduction. This may have a positive influence by slowing down the bath contamination process and, as a result, it reduces negative environmental impact. Another argument that supports the reduction of industrial baths is slowing down the process of cathode contamination during the electropolishing process. In industrial conditions, this may extend the possibility to conduct the process without the need for cathode reduction or replacement.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Reduction of Industrial Baths Used for Electropolishing of Stainless Steel

Lochyński

Charazińska

Łyczkowska-Widłak

et al. 2018

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

Self Cite

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“…The highest polishing rate was found for BmimBF 4 and HmimBF 4 , exhibiting the optimal ratio between viscosity and electrical conductivity of IL. The change of the Pt surface roughness, ∆f, was calculated according to Equation (7).…”

Section: Platinummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anodic treatment is one of the most effective methods used in the finishing of metals and alloys to achieve a mirror-like state of the metal surface. The result of this process depends on a number of factors, including the properties and composition of metal and electrolyte, temperature, voltage, current density, time, and others [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantages of Electrochemical Polishing of Metals and Alloys in Ionic Liquids

Lebedeva

Kultin

Zakharov

et al. 2021

Metals

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Electropolishing of metal surfaces is a benign alternative to mechanical treatment. Ionic liquids are considered as green electrolytes for the electropolishing of metals. They demonstrate a number of advantages in comparison with acid aqueous solutions and other methods of producing smooth or mirror-like surfaces that are required by diverse applications (medical instruments, special equipment, implants and prostheses, etc.). A wide window of electrochemical stability, recyclability, stability and tunability are just a few benefits provided by ionic liquids in the title application. An overview of the literature data on electropolishing of such metals as Ti, Ni, Pt, Cu, Al, U, Sn, Ag, Nb, stainless steel and other alloys in ionic liquids is presented.

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“…Основними проблемами забезпечення високої якості виробів за допомогою SLM-технології є пористість, гаряче розтріскування, анізотропія, шорсткість поверхні, забезпечення необхідної мікроструктури синтезованого матеріалу [3]. Покращення шорсткості поверхні, блиску елементів поверхні з нержавіючої сталі після є одними з найважливіших характеристик процесу електрохімічного полірування (ЕП) [4,5].…”

Section: вступunclassified

Дослідження Ефективності Електрохімічного Полірування Зразків Змінного Перерізу З Різною Шорсткістю Зі Сталі AISI 316L, Виготовлених За Технологією SLM

Аджамський¹,

Kononenko²,

Подольський³

et al. 2021

aktt

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Additive manufacturing technology, also known as 3D printing, has become an increasing amount of popular lately, and the number of materials and methods that can be used is expanding. As manufacturing processes continue to improve and evolve, the demand for faster, less expensive manufacturing processes has enabled a range of Rapid Prototyping (RP) processes to be developed. Since production processes continue to evolve and grow, the demand for faster and less expensive production processes has allowed the development of a series of processes of rapid prototyping (RP). With additive manufacturing, virtually any geometry with variations in size and complexity can be produced with a high degree of accuracy. The typical microstructure of the metal after the completion of the construction process is the dispersed dendritic and cellular structures of the γ-phase within the melt baths of single tracks, because of the overlap of which a part is created layer by layer. The main problems of ensuring high-quality products using SLM technology are porosity, hot cracking, anisotropy, surface roughness, and ensuring the necessary microstructure of the synthesized material. Improvement of surface roughness, the brilliance of stainless steel surface elements after electrochemical polishing (EP) is one of the most important characteristics of the process. Samples were made using the SLM technology from austenitic steel powder AISI 316L with a controlled defect in the form of local overheating, because of which an orange variability is formed, which is formed during 3-D printing. The samples are inversely symmetrical, have an equilateral trapezoid shape with bases of 20 and 5 mm, a height of 10 mm, and a thickness of 5 mm. The main body of both samples was printed in the same modes at a power of 220 W, a speed of 1000 mm / s, and a track spacing of 0,14 mm. To form a controlled defect when printing the boundaries of the samples, the following modes were used: power 120 W, speed 1050 mm / s, and distance between tracks 0,02 mm. The samples were printed in an Alfa-280 3D printer manufactured by ALT Ukraine. Etching to reveal the microstructure of the samples was conducted using an HCl + HNO3 solution. Electropolishing was conducted in a solution of orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4) with glycerol (C3H8O3) at a current density of 3 A / cm2. Metallographic studies have shown that the configuration of the tracks in the area of increasing the cross-section of the samples is more uniform. Based on this study, schemes for distributing zones with varying degrees of track equiaxiality and structure uniformity were constructed. A more intense interaction of the reagent with the microstructure near the surface with greater roughness was found. The electropolishing of isosceles trapezoids occurred in three stages: 1) visual - optical examination with fixation, control of roughness, weight, and geometry before starting the process; 2) control of roughness and geometry after 3 min. process; 3) visual - optical examination with fixation, control of roughness, weight, and geometry after 6 min electropolishing. From the analysis of the obtained roughness data and the real volt-ampere curve, it was found that zone 2 with the largest area had an insignificant change in roughness, zone 1 and zone 3 with a decrease in the area had a more significant loss on average by 33%. Controlling the weight before and after the test showed that the samples lost approximately the same weight of about 1,5%. Based on the ratio of the results obtained, it was found that when a fixed current strength and constant power are applied, electropolishing is not effective for active uniform anodization of the surface of a simple figure with a change in the area in the section. It was found that electropolishing most intensively occurs in an area with a smaller cross-sectional area.

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Electrochemical Polishing of Austenitic Stainless Steels

Cited by 49 publications

References 70 publications

Electrochemical Reduction of Industrial Baths Used for Electropolishing of Stainless Steel

Electrochemical Reduction of Industrial Baths Used for Electropolishing of Stainless Steel

Advantages of Electrochemical Polishing of Metals and Alloys in Ionic Liquids

Дослідження Ефективності Електрохімічного Полірування Зразків Змінного Перерізу З Різною Шорсткістю Зі Сталі AISI 316L, Виготовлених За Технологією SLM

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