Electrochemical oxidation of atorvastatin and its adsorptive stripping determination in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological fluids

Eskiköy, Dilek; Durmuș, Z.; Kılıç, Esma

doi:10.1135/cccc2011117

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Indeed, the pyrrole has been proposed as the site of electrochemical oxidation of atorvastatin. 87 Amoxicillin reacts with 3 CDOM* and contains both phenol and sulde functional groups. 24 While the reaction could be occurring at the phenol, S-containing compounds, such as methionine, 47 are also believed to be oxidized by 3 CDOM*.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Triplet state dissolved organic matter in aquatic photochemistry: reaction mechanisms, substrate scope, and photophysical properties

McNeill

Canonica

2016

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

372

637

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Excited triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM*) play a major role among the reactive intermediates produced upon absorption of sunlight by surface waters. After more than two decades of research on the aquatic photochemistry of CDOM*, the need for improving the knowledge about the photophysical and photochemical properties of these elusive reactive species remains considerable. This critical review examines the efforts to date to characterizeCDOM*. Information on CDOM* relies mainly on the use of probe compounds because of the difficulties associated with directly observingCDOM* using transient spectroscopic methods. Singlet molecular oxygen (O), which is a product of the reaction between CDOM* and dissolved oxygen, is probably the simplest indicator that can be used to estimate steady-state concentrations ofCDOM*. There are two major modes of reaction of CDOM* with substrates, namely triplet energy transfer or oxidation (via electron transfer, proton-coupled electron transfer or related mechanisms). Organic molecules, including several environmental contaminants, that are susceptible to degradation by these two different reaction modes are reviewed. It is proposed that through the use of appropriate sets of probe compounds and model photosensitizers an improved estimation of the distribution of triplet energies and one-electron reduction potentials ofCDOM* can be achieved.

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Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Triplet state dissolved organic matter in aquatic photochemistry: reaction mechanisms, substrate scope, and photophysical properties

McNeill

Canonica

2016

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

372

637

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“…Adsorptive stripping voltammetry has been used for the electrochemical determination of atorvastatin on the surface of GCE in two reports [13,14] . Also the electrochemical behavior of atorvastatin at glassy carbon and boron-doped diamond electrodes has been studied using voltammetric techniques [15] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, proposed method was compared with the literature method [1,[13][14][15] . Table 4 compares the results of the analysis of atorvastatin between proposed and previous reports method.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the use of simpler, faster and less expensive, but still sensitive electrochemical techniques can be considered as a useful alternative. Different methods are reported on the electrooxidation and determination of atorvastatin, including adsorptive stripping voltammetry using glassy carbon electrode (GCE) [13,14] , cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at a carbon paste electrode (CPE) in the presence of an enhancing agent, cetyltrimethyl ammoniumbromide (CTAB) [1] and DPV using boron-doped diamond electrode and GCE [15] .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Behavior of Atorvastatin at Glassy Carbon Electrode and its Direct Determination in Pharmaceutical Preparations by Square Wave and Differential Pulse Voltammetry

Yılmaz¹,

Kaban²

2016

pharmaceutical-sciences

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A simple and rapid electrochemical method for the determination of atorvastatin in pharmaceutical preparations was developed. The anodic peak at 1.07 V obtained in a buffer on glassy carbon electrode was used for analysis. The peak current and peak potential depends on pH, scan rate and initial potential. Decrease of the anodic peak with increasing pH, as well as deviations from linear plots of ip=f(C) and i=kv 1/2 indicate that this peak at higher concentrations is affected by adsorption-desorption phenomena. The calibration curves were linear for atorvastatin at the concentration range of 1-50 µg/ml or square wave and differential pulse voltammetry methods, respectively. Intra and interday precision values for atorvastatin were less than 3.17, and accuracy (relative error) was better than 1.93%. The mean recovery of atorvastatin was 100.4% for pharmaceutical preparations. Limits of detection were 0.3 µg/ml and 0.2 µg/ml for square wave and differential pulse voltammetry, respectively. Developed methods in this study are accurate, precise and can be easily applied to Ator, Cholvast and Lipitor tablets as pharmaceutical preparation.Key words: Atorvastatin, cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, glassy carbon electrode Atorvastatin, (Fig. 1) an antihyperlipoproteinemic drug, inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol [1,2] . Using of atorvastatin leads to reducing the total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [3] , apo-B [4] , triglycerides levels [5] , and C-reactive protein (CRP) [6] as well as increasing high density lipids (HDL) levels. This drug also stabilizes plaque and prevents risk of strokes, heart attack or other heart complications through antiinflammatory and other mechanisms.Several methods have been reported for the determination of atorvastatin in pharmaceutical formations and in biological fluids including reversedphase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) [7,8] , liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [9] , high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [10] and spectrophotometry [11,12] . There are some problems encountered in using such methods. Spectrophotometric methods suffer from low sensitivity. Chromatographic methods are relatively slow and expensive and they require derivatization or time consuming extraction procedures. Thus, the use of simpler, faster and less expensive, but still sensitive electrochemical techniques can be considered as a useful alternative. Different methods are reported on

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“…Different methods are reported on the electro oxidation and determination of atorvastatin, including adsorptive stripping voltammetry using glassy carbon electrode 13,14 , cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry at a carbon paste electrode in the presence of an enhancing agent, cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide 1 and differential pulse voltammetry using boron-doped diamond electrode and glassy carbon electrode 15 . However, to our knowledge, there is no individual first-order derivative spectrophotometric method for the determination of atorvastatin in pharmaceutical preparations in literature.…”

Section: Figure 1 Chemical Structure Of Atorvastatinmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV and First Derivative Spectrophotometric Methods for the Estimation of Atorvastatin in Pharmaceutical Preparations

Yılmaz

Kaban

2018

Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Research

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Objective: In this study, new, rapid UV spectrophotometry (UV) and first-order derivative spectrophotometry ( 1 D) methods were developed for the determination of atorvastatin in pure and tablets. Methods: The solvent system and wavelength of detection were optimized in order to maximize the sensitivity of the proposed methods. Parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, stability, limit of detection and limit of quantification were studied according to the International Conference on Harmonization Guidelines.Results: Calibration curve was linear between the concentration range of 5-20 μg ml -1. Within-and between-day precision values for atorvastatin were less than 4.57%, and accuracy (relative error) was better than 3.17%. The mean recovery value of atorvastatin was 100.1% for pharmaceutical preparations. Conclusion: The developed methods were successfully applied to tablet formulations and the results were compared statistically with each other.

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Electrochemical oxidation of atorvastatin and its adsorptive stripping determination in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological fluids

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Triplet state dissolved organic matter in aquatic photochemistry: reaction mechanisms, substrate scope, and photophysical properties

Triplet state dissolved organic matter in aquatic photochemistry: reaction mechanisms, substrate scope, and photophysical properties

Electrochemical Behavior of Atorvastatin at Glassy Carbon Electrode and its Direct Determination in Pharmaceutical Preparations by Square Wave and Differential Pulse Voltammetry

UV and First Derivative Spectrophotometric Methods for the Estimation of Atorvastatin in Pharmaceutical Preparations

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