Electrochemical Behavior of Atorvastatin at Glassy Carbon Electrode and its Direct Determination in Pharmaceutical Preparations by Square Wave and Differential Pulse Voltammetry

Abstract

A simple and rapid electrochemical method for the determination of atorvastatin in pharmaceutical preparations was developed. The anodic peak at 1.07 V obtained in a buffer on glassy carbon electrode was used for analysis. The peak current and peak potential depends on pH, scan rate and initial potential. Decrease of the anodic peak with increasing pH, as well as deviations from linear plots of ip=f(C) and i=kv 1/2 indicate that this peak at higher concentrations is affected by adsorption-desorption phenomena. The calibration curves were linear for atorvastatin at the concentration range of 1-50 µg/ml or square wave and differential pulse voltammetry methods, respectively. Intra and interday precision values for atorvastatin were less than 3.17, and accuracy (relative error) was better than 1.93%. The mean recovery of atorvastatin was 100.4% for pharmaceutical preparations. Limits of detection were 0.3 µg/ml and 0.2 µg/ml for square wave and differential pulse voltammetry, respectively. Developed methods in this study are accurate, precise and can be easily applied to Ator, Cholvast and Lipitor tablets as pharmaceutical preparation.Key words: Atorvastatin, cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, glassy carbon electrode Atorvastatin, (Fig. 1) an antihyperlipoproteinemic drug, inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol [1,2] . Using of atorvastatin leads to reducing the total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [3] , apo-B [4] , triglycerides levels [5] , and C-reactive protein (CRP) [6] as well as increasing high density lipids (HDL) levels. This drug also stabilizes plaque and prevents risk of strokes, heart attack or other heart complications through antiinflammatory and other mechanisms.Several methods have been reported for the determination of atorvastatin in pharmaceutical formations and in biological fluids including reversedphase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) [7,8] , liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [9] , high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [10] and spectrophotometry [11,12] . There are some problems encountered in using such methods. Spectrophotometric methods suffer from low sensitivity. Chromatographic methods are relatively slow and expensive and they require derivatization or time consuming extraction procedures. Thus, the use of simpler, faster and less expensive, but still sensitive electrochemical techniques can be considered as a useful alternative. Different methods are reported on

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