Electrochemical measurement of the size of microband electrodes: A theoretical study

Li, Danlei; Lin, Chin E.; Batchelor‐McAuley, Christopher; Chen, Lifu; Compton, Richard G.

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.04.006

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…The fabrication of silicon-based electrodes is valuable for the development of miniaturized electrochemical biosensors, as various electrode designs, dimensions, and configurations can be fabricated on a compact electroanalytical device [1,2]. Micro-and nanoscale electrodes have become increasingly popular for the advancement of electrochemical-based biosensors because of their lower detection limits, higher signal-to-noise ratio, and ability to achieve steady-state currents [3][4][5]. Electrochemical glucose sensors continue to be of significant interest due to their applications in a variety of fields, including human health [6], animal health [7], bioprocess monitoring [8], and monitoring in the food and beverage industries [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Chip Glucose Detection Based on Glucose Oxidase Immobilized on a Platinum-Modified, Gold Microband Electrode

et al. 2021

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We report the microfabrication and characterization of gold microband electrodes on silicon using standard microfabrication methods, i.e., lithography and etching techniques. A two-step electrodeposition process was carried out using the on-chip platinum reference and gold counter electrodes, thus incorporating glucose oxidase onto a platinum-modified, gold microband electrode with an o-phenylenediamine and ß-cyclodextrin mixture. The as-fabricated electrodes were studied using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The two-step electrodeposition process was conducted in low sample volumes (50 µL) of both solutions required for biosensor construction. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were utilised for electrochemical characterization at each stage of the deposition process. The enzymatic-based microband biosensor demonstrated a linear response to glucose from 2.5–15 mM, using both linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometric measurements in buffer-based solutions. The biosensor performance was examined in 30 µL volumes of fetal bovine serum. Whilst a reduction in the sensor sensitivity was evident within 100% serum samples (compared to buffer media), the sensor demonstrated linear glucose detection with increasing glucose concentrations (5–17 mM).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Chip Glucose Detection Based on Glucose Oxidase Immobilized on a Platinum-Modified, Gold Microband Electrode

et al. 2021

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“…Fabrication of siliconbased electrodes are valuable for the development of miniaturized electrochemical sensors as various electrode designs, dimensions and configurations can be fabricated on a compact electroanalytical device (Li et al, 2018, Fekete, 2015. Micro and nanoscale electrodes have become increasingly popular towards the development of electrochemical based biosensors as a result of their lower detection limits, higher signal to noise ratio in addition to their ability to achieve steady-state currents (Li et al, 2019, Streeter et al, 2007. In the present work, we describe a single gold band electrode which is 45 µm in length, 1 µm in width and has a height of approximately 60 nm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Chip Glucose Detection Based on Glucose Oxidase Encapsulated on a Platinum Modified Gold Microband Electrode

Madden¹,

Barrett²,

Laffir³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We report a two-step electrodeposition process incorporating glucose oxidase onto a platinum- modified gold microband electrode with an o-phenylenediamine and ß-cyclodextrin mixture. The bare microband electrodes were fabricated on silicon using standard microfabrication methods i.e. lithography and etching techniques. The two-step electrode modification process was characterized using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The enzymatic based microband biosensor exhibited a linear response to glucose from 2.5-15 mM using both linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometric measurements in buffer based solutions. The resulting miniaturized glucose sensor presented a number of advantages such as ease of use, fast response time, measuring within physiologically relevant glucose concentrations in addition to sensing in small sample volumes without the need for an external counter and reference electrode. The biosensor performance was tested in 30 µl volumes of undiluted fetal bovine serum. Whilst a reduction in signal was evident within 100 % serum samples, the sensor achieved linear glucose detection with increasing glucose concentrations (2-12 mM).

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“…[18] The DDA can be applied most successfully to symmetrical electrodes and electrode arrays. [19] For instance, Xiong et al…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of 2D versus 3D diffusion analysis at Nanowire Electrodes: Finite element analysis and experimental study

O'Sullivan

Naruyan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In electroanalysis, finite element simulations of electrochemical processes occurring at electrodes are used to provide key insight into experimental design in relation to diffusion profiles and expected currents. The diffusion domain approach (DDA) offers a means of reducing a three dimensional design to two dimensions to ease computational demands. However, the DDA approach can be limited when basic assumptions, for example that all electrodes in an array are equivalent, are incorrect. Consequently, to get a more realistic view of molecular diffusion to nanoelectrodes, it is necessary to undertake simulations in 3D. In this work, two and three dimensional models of electrodes comprising of (i) single nanowires, (ii) arrays of nanowires and (iii) interdigitated arrays of nanowires operating in generator-collector mode, are undertaken and compared to experimental results obtained from fabricated devices. The 3D simulations predict a higher extracted current for a single nanowires and diffusionally independent nanowire arrays when compared to 2D simulations since, unlike the 2D model, they take into account molecular diffusion to and from the nanowire termini. This current difference was observed to increase with increasing electrode width and decrease with electrode length. When the nanowire arrays were diffusionally overlapped, they behaved as an electrode of larger width, and the divergence between the two models increased. By contrast, in generator-collector mode, using interdigitated nanowire arrays, the difference between extracted current values obtained using two models was significantly lower. Simulations indicated however that a higher collection efficiency was predicted by the 2D model when compared to the 3D model. Electrochemical experiments were undertaken to confirm the simulation study and demonstrated that the extracted currents from 3D simulations more closely mapped onto experimentally measured currents.

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Electrochemical measurement of the size of microband electrodes: A theoretical study

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

On-Chip Glucose Detection Based on Glucose Oxidase Immobilized on a Platinum-Modified, Gold Microband Electrode

On-Chip Glucose Detection Based on Glucose Oxidase Immobilized on a Platinum-Modified, Gold Microband Electrode

On-Chip Glucose Detection Based on Glucose Oxidase Encapsulated on a Platinum Modified Gold Microband Electrode

Comparison of 2D versus 3D diffusion analysis at Nanowire Electrodes: Finite element analysis and experimental study

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