On-Chip Glucose Detection Based on Glucose Oxidase Immobilized on a Platinum-Modified, Gold Microband Electrode

Abstract

We report the microfabrication and characterization of gold microband electrodes on silicon using standard microfabrication methods, i.e., lithography and etching techniques. A two-step electrodeposition process was carried out using the on-chip platinum reference and gold counter electrodes, thus incorporating glucose oxidase onto a platinum-modified, gold microband electrode with an o-phenylenediamine and ß-cyclodextrin mixture. The as-fabricated electrodes were studied using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The two-step electrodeposition process was conducted in low sample volumes (50 µL) of both solutions required for biosensor construction. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were utilised for electrochemical characterization at each stage of the deposition process. The enzymatic-based microband biosensor demonstrated a linear response to glucose from 2.5–15 mM, using both linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometric measurements in buffer-based solutions. The biosensor performance was examined in 30 µL volumes of fetal bovine serum. Whilst a reduction in the sensor sensitivity was evident within 100% serum samples (compared to buffer media), the sensor demonstrated linear glucose detection with increasing glucose concentrations (5–17 mM).

2‐Aminopurine Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Probing a Glucose Binding Aptamer

“…In particular, we aimed to understand its metal and temperature‐dependent binding properties. Since the current glucose detection method is gradually shifting from finger stick blood‐based to using interstitial fluids for continuous monitoring, [29] we also tested our 2AP‐based aptamer as a sensor in simulated interstitial fluids.…”

Cyclodextrin Host–Guest Recognition in Glucose-Monitoring Sensors

“…The PtCo-CD-IL-modified electrode was also found to accurately detect glucose in urine and serum samples. In another study, Madden et al utilized a two-step electrodeposition procedure to develop a microband biosensor that incorporated glucose oxidase onto a platinum-modified, gold microband electrode using an o -phenylenediamine and β-CD mixture . The resulting enzymatic-based biosensor exhibited a linear response to glucose concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 15 mM in buffer-based solutions and was also effective in 30 μL volumes of fetal bovine serum.…”

Combining manipulation of integration loci and secretory pathway on expression of an Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase gene in Trichoderma reesei

“…This biochemical reaction is of wide application value. For example, An GOx is a widely used glucose sensor protein on a variety of chips [ 17 ]. In addition, the GOx-catalyzed production of gluconic acid is used in cement to enhance the intensity [ 18 ].…”