Electrochemical Lithium Insertion Into a Manganese Dioxide Electrode in Aqueous Solutions

Aqueous Rechargeable Li and Na Ion Batteries

“…LiFePO 4 with an olivine structure was introduced as a cathode for ARLBs by Manickam et al The electrochemical properties of LiFePO 4 were tested using a standard three-electrode system with zinc foil, SCE, and saturated LiOH as the counter electrode, reference electrode, and electrolyte, respectively. Li + deinsertion/insertion of the LiFePO 4 was confirmed on the basis of electrochemical and ex situ analyses; however, the capacity utilizations of LiFePO 4 were 41% (70 mA h g –1 ), 30% (50 mA h g –1 ), and 20% (40 mA h g –1 ) for the first, second, and fifth cycles, respectively . The electrochemical oxidation of LiFePO 4 was similar to that of nonaqueous media forming FePO 4 ; however, the reduction of FePO 4 was not fully reversible since it formed a mixture of LiFePO 4 and Fe 3 O 4 .…”

“…Li + deinsertion/insertion of the LiFePO 4 was confirmed on the basis of electrochemical and ex situ analyses; however, the capacity utilizations of LiFePO 4 were 41% (70 mA h g −1 ), 30% (50 mA h g −1 ), and 20% (40 mA h g −1 ) for the first, second, and fifth cycles, respectively. 86 The electrochemical oxidation of LiFePO 4 was similar to that of nonaqueous media forming FePO 4 ; however, the reduction of FePO 4 was not fully reversible since it formed a mixture of LiFePO 4 and Fe 3 O 4 . 31 To elucidate the capacity degradation of LiFePO 4 , He et al investigated its chemical and electrochemical stability in ARLB systems.…”