Electrochemical Lateral Flow Paper Strip for Oxidative-Stress Induced DNA Damage Assessment

Abstract

The phrase "oxidative-stress induced DNA damage" is commonly used in both the scientific literature and common media outlets, and is frequently linked to detrimental elements of aging as well as the onset of illnesses. Due to the growing focus on this topic, a clear need has emerged to develop a quantitative, low-cost methodology to allow for periodic monitoring of oxidative-stress induced DNA damage within individuals. Recent literature examining the link between oxidative stress and the onset of various cancers has made monitoring an even more pressing need. The mechanism of oxidative-stress induced DNA damage originates in chronic inflammation, which in turn activates various transcription factors and diseases that influence the onset of tumor development, chemoresistance, radioresistance, and other harmful cellular processes. While current technologies that aim to provide quantitative metrics require extremely expensive equipment and significant technical expertise, our laboratory has designed a low-cost methodology utilizing a combination of carbon nanotubes, paper electrodes, and immunochromatographic strips.

Advanced Signal-Amplification Strategies for Paper-Based Analytical Devices: A Comprehensive Review

“…Among the types of POC testing, paper-based analytical devices (PADs) have emerged as critical POC biosensors for disease monitoring and diagnostics, particularly in resource-constrained regions, for emergencies, and for in-house healthcare owing to their advantageous features, including simplicity, easy storage, disposability, and portability without relying on external devices [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. There are three main classifications for PADs—lateral flow assays (LFAs), dipstick assays, and microfluidic PADs (µPADs) [ 9 ] with diversified signal readout approaches including colorimetry [ 10 ] luminescence [ 11 , 12 ] surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) [ 13 , 14 ], photothermal methods [ 15 , 16 ], photoacoustic methods [ 17 ], and electrochemistry [ 18 , 19 ]. The most common detection approach in PADs is the colorimetric method, which can easily determine the presence of a target through color variations, for recognition even with the naked eye and without complicated instruments [ 20 ].…”