Electrochemical Immunosensor for Detection of CCR4 Cancer Biomarker in Human Serum: An Alternative Strategy for Modification of Disposable ITO Electrode

Abstract

Herein, a new strategy for the fabrication of a sensitive immunosensor capable of determination of CC Chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) in complex serum samples is developed through the polymer modification on the disposable indium tin oxide electrode. Anti‐CCR4 antibodies, which are utilized as sensing biomolecules, are covalently attached on the succinimide groups of polypyrrole polymer (PPyr‐CSsg). The constructed immunosensor illustrates promising performances for the quantification of CCR4 antigen, with a linear detection range of 0.024–12 pg mL−1 and a low detection limit of 7.3 fg mL−1, calculated at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3. In addition, the impedimetric immunosensor displays a very successful analytical performance in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, and long‐term stability as well as successful applicability for the accurate quantification of CCR4 in human serum samples. The constructed immunosensor is successfully used for quantification of CCR4 antigen in human serums. In addition, the immunosensor displays only 27.54% loss in its initial signal after nine weeks storage at 4 °C. Moreover, the fabricated immunosensor is economical, highly sensitive, and selective for CCR4 antigen detection, and suitable for potential application in clinical diagnosis.

A Simple and Low‐Cost Electrochemical Immunosensor for Ultrasensitive Determination of Calreticulin Biomarker in Human Serum

“…These elements were the electrolyte solution resistance ( R s ), Warburg impedance ( W ), constant phase element (CPE) and the R ct . [ 52–54 ]…”

“…These elements were the electrolyte solution resistance (R s ), Warburg impedance (W), constant phase element (CPE) and the R ct . [52][53][54] In the present study, EIS and CV analysis techniques were employed to monitor the building strategy of the immunosensor. Figure 3A shows the impedimetric responses and the fitted Nyquist plots obtained during immunosensor construction.…”

“…These electrochemical variations are detectable by following the R ct that mostly rise with the amount in the quantity of target analytes attached onto the working electrode surface. [ 26–29 ]…”

Label-free and reagent-less electrochemical detection of nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2: an ultrasensitive and disposable biosensor

“…In addition, EIS based sensing system is a low-cost tool, and therefore, it has great application potential for the effective and non-destructive analysis and label-free detection of the target analytes. [19][20][21] Electrode surface modification has an important effect on the electrochemical sensing of target analysis. Conducting polymers have excellent properties, such as being unique matrix materials for immobilization of biological molecules and having rapid electron transport ability during the construction of effective biosensors.…”

“…In addition, EIS based sensing system is a low-cost tool, and therefore, it has great application potential for the effective and non-destructive analysis and label-free detection of the target analytes. 19–21…”