Electrochemical Immunoassay

Abstract

The sections in this article are Introduction Enzyme Electrochemical Immunoassays Electrochemical Detection The E ‐ S ‐ P System Heterogeneous Enzyme Immunoassay Ultrasensitive Heterogeneous Enzyme Assays in Small Volumes Homogeneous Enzyme Immunoassay Nonenzyme Electrochemical Immunoassays Nonenzyme Homogeneous Immunoassays Heterogeneous Nonenzymatic Immunoassays Electrochemical Immunosensors Applications Conclusion

Screening Scheme Based on Measurement of Fluorescence Lifetime in the Nanosecond Domain

“…9,10 Electrochemical affinity assays also can be quite sensitive but are less often used in practice. 11,12 Electroanalytical methods, in fact, have more often been used to determine parameters such as solubility, permeability, lipophilicity, pKa, stability, and integrity. 13 HTS based on measurement of fluorescence intensity is widely used but has limitations because the fluorescence intensity of a given sample represents a nonreferenced analytical signal that depends on several factors, as can be seen from Parker's law (equation (1)), which relates fluorescence intensity (F) with the intensity (I 0 ) of the exciting (laser) beam, the molar absorbance (ε) of the label, the penetration length of the exciting beam (l), the quantum yield of the label (QY), and instrumental geometries (by introducing a geometrical factor k):…”

Signal Generation at an Electrochemical Immunosensor via the Direct Oxidation of an Electroactive Label

“…(C red ) in 1.0 M KNO 3 as supporting electrolyte at a specific potential scan rate (v). A value of 6.5 Â 10 À6 cm 2 s À1 at 20 8C derived under similar experimental conditions by Kakuichi et al [32] was used as the diffusion coefficient (D) of Fe(CN) 6 4À and the number of electrons transferred, n, was assigned as unity.…”