Electrochemical immobilisation of enzymes on conducting organic salt electrodes: characterisation of an oxygen independent and interference-free glucose biosensor

Enzyme Immobilization Strategies and Electropolymerization Conditions to Control Sensitivity and Selectivity Parameters of a Polymer-Enzyme Composite Glucose Biosensor

“…Given our greater understanding now of the different factors affecting the performance characteristics of disk versus cylinder biosensors [23,27,28,41,70], and the more common use of lower enzyme activity solutions for co-immobilization of GOx [31,50,82,83], Pt C /PoPD-GOx biosensors made from 1 mg mL −1 GOx (∼650 U mL −1 ; ∼5 μM) in PBS containing 300 mM oPD were characterized (see Table 3). There was only a small, but statistically significant, decrease in glucose calibration mean J max values for biosensors fabricated in 1 mg mL −1 versus 5 mg mL −1 GOx solutions ( p < 0.04), with no significant difference between the K M values ( p > 0.4).…”

“…The polymerization conditions for the basic co-immobilization design ( Figure 1 , and Tables 1 and 2 ) involved 5 mg mL −1 (∼3 kU mL −1 ) GOx in the monomer solution because this enzyme concentration had been adopted in previous studies to optimise selectivity for disk-based biosensors fabricated in PBS [ 30 ]. Given our greater understanding now of the different factors affecting the performance characteristics of disk versus cylinder biosensors [ 23 , 27 , 28 , 41 , 70 ], and the more common use of lower enzyme activity solutions for co-immobilization of GOx [ 31 , 50 , 82 , 83 ], Pt C /PoPD-GOx biosensors made from 1 mg mL −1 GOx (∼650 U mL −1 ; ∼5 μM) in PBS containing 300 mM oPD were characterized (see Table 3 ). There was only a small, but statistically significant, decrease in glucose calibration mean J max values for biosensors fabricated in 1 mg mL −1 versus 5 mg mL −1 GOx solutions ( p < 0.04), with no significant difference between the K M values ( p > 0.4).…”

Designing sensitive and selective polymer/enzyme composite biosensors for brain monitoring in vivo

“…Among the first to be reported were those based on organic conducting salt tetrathiafulvalene tetracyanoquinodimethane (TTF-TCNQ) [40,41]. Although initially thought to involve direct electron transfer between the FAD center and this novel conducting surface, there is now evidence that signal generation is mediated by TCNQ°from the electrode material [42,43]. It is interesting to note that one of these seminal studies applied the concept of a ÔblankÕ sensor (one containing all the design elements of the biosensor, but omitting the enzyme) implanted beside the biosensor in order to minimize electroactive interference, using subtraction.…”

Polyvinylferrocenium modified Pt electrode for anaerobic glucose monitoring

“…Different kinds of electron mediator, such as hexacyanoferrates [4][5][6], glucose oxidase/Cu(II) complex [7], Os-complexes [8][9][10], quinon derivatives [11,12], organic dyes [13], conducting salts [14,15], cytocrome b562 [16], [60]fullerene [17], ferrocene [18][19][20] and ferrocene derivatives [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] has been described. Among them, ferrocene and its derivatives have some of the most promising characteristics.…”