Designing sensitive and selective polymer/enzyme composite biosensors for brain monitoring in vivo

O’Neill, Robert; Rocchitta, Gaia; McMahon, Colm P.; Serra, Pier Andrea; Lowry, John

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2007.11.008

Cited by 83 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(200 reference statements)

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“…AA levels in the ECF are orders of magnitude higher than other interference species, such as dopamine, DOPAC, and uric acid, and AA was therefore the focus of this study. Although generic PPD-GluOx designs have performed well in a broader range of characterizations in the past [15,24], electroactive species, amino acids and proteins that could potentially affect the sensor performance in vivo will be considered in future studies for the designs developed here. Further details of specific fabrication protocols are provided in Section 3.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following polymerization, the discs were left immersed in PBS overnight biased at 0.65 V to stabilize the biosensors. In the nomenclature used for the disc configurations, a forward slash separates layers coated one after the other, whereas a hyphen represents substances immobilized simultaneously, as suggested recently [24].…”

Section: Preparation Of the Working Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly selective and stable microdisc biosensors for l-glutamate monitoring

Govindarajan

McNeil

Lowry

et al. 2013

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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a b s t r a c tGlutamate mediates most of the excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain, and its abnormal regulation is considered a key factor underlying the appearance and progression of many neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. In this work, a microdisc-based amperometric biosensor for glutamate detection with highly enhanced selectivity and good stability is proposed. The biosensor utilizes the enzyme glutamate oxidase which was dip-coated onto 125 m diameter platinum discs. To improve selectivity, phosphatidylethanolamine was pre-coated prior to enzyme deposition, and electropolymerization of o-phenylenediamine was performed to entrap the enzyme within a polymer matrix. A variety of coating configurations were tested in order to optimize biosensor performance. For stability measurements, biosensors were biased continuously and calibration curves calculated each day for a period of 5-6 days. The optimized biosensors exhibited very high sensitivity (71 ± 1 mA M −1 cm −2 ), low detection limit of ∼2.5 M glutamate, selectivity (over 87% against ascorbic acid), very good temporal stability during continuous use, and a response time of <5 s. These biosensors are therefore good candidates for further development as devices for continuous monitoring during traumatic brain injury or neurosurgery.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of the Working Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly selective and stable microdisc biosensors for l-glutamate monitoring

Govindarajan

McNeil

Lowry

et al. 2013

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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“…The result is that the module is characterized by gain precision, stability, and an excellent linear response. The system can operate only in oxidation mode, and it is particularly suited to work with direct oxidation sensors such as DA microsensors and biosensors with H 2 O 2 detection [21]. DA microsensor characteristics were evaluated for up to 3 weeks in vitro, showing good accuracy and precision.…”

Section: Microelectronics and Da Microsensor Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Novel integrated microdialysis–amperometric system for in vitro detection of dopamine secreted from PC12 cells: Design, construction, and validation

Migheli¹,

Puggioni²,

Dedola³

et al. 2008

Analytical Biochemistry

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a b s t r a c tA novel dual channel in vitro apparatus, derived from a previously described design, has been coupled with dopamine (DA) microsensors for the flow-through detection of DA secreted from PC12 cells. The device, including two independent microdialysis capillaries, was loaded with a solution containing PC12 cells while a constant phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) medium perfusion was carried out using a dual channel miniaturized peristaltic pump. One capillary was perfused with normal PBS, whereas extracellular calcium was removed from extracellular fluid of the second capillary. After a first period of stabilization and DA baseline recording, KCl (75 mM) was added to the perfusion fluid of both capillaries. In this manner, a simultaneous ''treatment-control" experimental design was performed to detect K + -evoked calcium-dependent DA secretion. For this purpose, self-referencing DA microsensors were developed, and procedures for making, testing, and calibrating them are described in detail. The electronic circuitry was derived from previously published schematics and optimized for dual sensor constant potential amperometry applications. The microdialysis system was tested and validated in vitro under different experimental conditions, and DA secretion was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC). PC12 cell viability was quantified before and after each experiment. The proposed apparatus serves as a reliable model for studying the effects of different drugs on DA secretion through the direct comparison of extracellular DA increase in treatment-control experiments performed on the same initial PC12 cell population.Ó A wide variety of techniques have been used for studying in vitro DA secretion/release, and most of them use PC12 cells because they are capable of synthesizing, secreting, and metabolizing DA. The PC12 cell line, obtained from rat pheochromocytoma of the adrenal medulla, is also used as a tool to understand the biochemical mechanisms underlying the physiology and degeneration of central dopamine neurons [12][13][14]. In previous studies, we successfully used PC12 cells to investigate the mechanism of nitric oxide (NO) donor-induced DA secretion [7] and DA oxidative homeostasis in vitro [6,8]. In such studies, DA was quantified in microdialysates by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC). The aim of the current research was to combine a modified device for in vitro microdialysis with a novel, dual channel amperometric system for the online detection of DA secreted from PC12 cells. The new electronics de-0003-2697/$ -see front matter Ó

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“…Many of these sensors are based on insulated Pt wires or carbon fibers that are exposed at the tip to create a disc or cylinder microelectrode [19,24,27,28,31,35,38]. Enzyme coating is either performed by dip coating [19,24,27] or by dispensing small amounts of enzyme solution over the active electrode area [31,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enzyme coating is either performed by dip coating [19,24,27] or by dispensing small amounts of enzyme solution over the active electrode area [31,38]. Furthermore, electrochemical deposition methods with a variety of polymers have been used [28,35]. They allow for better spatial control, and tedious serial deposition of several electrodes has been replaced by a parallel coating of only targeted and biased electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multisite monitoring of choline using biosensor microprobe arrays in combination with CMOS circuitry

Frey¹,

Rothe²,

Heer³

et al. 2014

Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik

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A miniature device enabling parallel in vivo detection of the neurotransmitter choline in multiple brain regions of freely behaving rodents is presented. This is achieved by combining a biosensor microprobe array with a custom-developed CMOS chip. Each silicon microprobe comprises multiple platinum electrodes that are coated with an enzymatic membrane and a permselective layer for selective detection of choline. The biosensors, based on the principle of amperometric detection, exhibit a sensitivity of 157 ± 35 µA mM -1 cm -2 , a limit of detection of below 1 µM, and a response time in the range of 1 s. With on-chip digitalization and multiplexing, parallel recordings can be performed at a high signal-to-noise ratio with minimal space requirements and with substantial reduction of external signal interference. The layout of the integrated circuitry allows for versatile configuration of the current range and can, therefore, also be used for functionalization of the electrodes before use. The result is a compact, highly integrated system, very convenient for on-site measurements.

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Designing sensitive and selective polymer/enzyme composite biosensors for brain monitoring in vivo

Cited by 83 publications

References 98 publications

Highly selective and stable microdisc biosensors for l-glutamate monitoring

Highly selective and stable microdisc biosensors for l-glutamate monitoring

Novel integrated microdialysis–amperometric system for in vitro detection of dopamine secreted from PC12 cells: Design, construction, and validation

Multisite monitoring of choline using biosensor microprobe arrays in combination with CMOS circuitry

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