Electrochemical Heaters Utilizing Aluminum Alloy and Magnesium Anodes

Abstract

A short‐circuited electrochemical cell made with a saline electrolyte, an aluminum alloy or magnesium anode, and a manganese dioxide cathode may be used as a rather efficient short‐term portable heater. The use of a magnesium anode provides somewhat higher heat content but results in the production of considerable hydrogen gas. Certain aluminum‐zinc alloys are almost as energetic as magnesium and produce little hydrogen.

Fully Integrated and Foldable Microdevice Encapsulated with Agarose for Long-Term Storage Potential for Point-of-Care Testing of Multiplex Foodborne Pathogens

“…Portable thin-film heaters have been receiving considerable attention in the field owing to their extensive applicability that ranges from costume warmers to integrated microdevices. Their built-in heating components are commonly made from electrothermal materials, particularly metals, metallic composites, ceramics, or alloys. − These conventional heating elements are associated with many disadvantages derived from their weight, rigidity, fragility, low heating efficiency, ease of oxidation, failure at high temperatures, extravagant production, and manufacturing complications. Graphene-based heating materials overcome these shortcomings and possess outstanding properties, such as incombustibility, high thermal conductivity, and a low coefficient of thermal expansion.…”