Electrochemical energy storage to power the 21st century

Rolison, Debra R.; Nazar, Linda F.

doi:10.1557/mrs.2011.136

Cited by 140 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, we reveal the approximate amount of electrolyte decomposition by mapping F via EDS analysis. F can indicate the presence of the SEI layer because no F is used in the electrode components, including the active material, binder, and conducting agents, except for the Li salt and the additive in the electrolyte, i.e., LiPF 6 and fluorinated ethylene carbonate, respectively. [20,41] The images in Figure 5a-d depict the C-SiO x particles in the graphite-blended electrode after cycling.…”

Section: Characterization Of Sgc and Benchmarking Samples After Electmentioning

confidence: 99%

One‐to‐One Comparison of Graphite‐Blended Negative Electrodes Using Silicon Nanolayer‐Embedded Graphite versus Commercial Benchmarking Materials for High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Chae

Kim

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

117

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While existing carbonaceous anodes for lithium–ion batteries (LIBs) are approaching a practical capacitive limit, Si has been extensively examined as a potential alternative because it shows exceptional gravimetric capacity (3579 mA h g−1) and abundance. However, the actual implementation of Si anodes is impeded by difficulties in electrode calendering processes and requirements for excessive binding and conductive agents, arising from the brittleness, large volume expansion (>300%), and low electrical conductivity (1.56 × 10−3 S m−1) of Si. In one rational approach to using Si in high‐energy LIBs, mixing Si‐based materials with graphite has attracted attention as a feasible alternative for next‐generation anodes. In this study, graphite‐blended electrodes with Si nanolayer‐embedded graphite/carbon (G/SGC) are demonstrated and detailed one‐to‐one comparisons of these electrodes with industrially developed benchmarking samples are performed under the industrial electrode density (>1.6 g cc−1), areal capacity (>3 mA h cm−2), and a small amount of binder (3 wt%) in a slurry. Because of the favorable compatibility between SGC and conventional graphite, and the well‐established structural features of SGC, great potential is envisioned. Since this feasible study utilizes realistic test methods and criteria, the rigorous benchmarking comparison presents a comprehensive understanding for developing and characterizing Si‐based anodes for practicable high‐energy LIBs.

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Section: Characterization Of Sgc and Benchmarking Samples After Electmentioning

confidence: 99%

One‐to‐One Comparison of Graphite‐Blended Negative Electrodes Using Silicon Nanolayer‐Embedded Graphite versus Commercial Benchmarking Materials for High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Chae

Kim

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

117

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“…The drawback of electrical capacitors is their inability to store large amounts of energy, while the batteries are incapable of fast charge/ discharge cycles due to the slow nature of the ion diffusion processes. This gap between capacitors and battery performance has been a major roadblock in electrochemical energy storage [2,3]. The electrochemical capacitors (or supercapacitors) have been proposed to bridge the gap between these disparate devices by incorporating elements of both technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While graphite and diamond represent the sp 2 , where 2 < x < 3. Graphene, which is the most recent and widely studied form of nanostructured carbon, is a single sheet of carbon atoms that is isolated from the graphite bulk material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and our future: a perspective from the Clemson Nanomaterials Center

Rao

2015

Nanotechnology Reviews

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Our increasing energy demands have spurred a rigorous search for renewable energy sources to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. However, efficient use of renewable energy is possible only with advances in both energy generation and storage. Today's batteries and capacitors, which are the main energy storage devices, cannot meet the world's demand for combined power and energy densities. To enhance the viability of such energy storing devices, the Clemson Nanomaterials Center (CNC) has developed a mix of scalable processes for carbon nanotube-based hybrid electrodes that show promise as a costeffective alternative to standard activated carbon-based electrodes. Working together with industrial partners, CNC has fabricated supercapacitors with energy and power densities in the range of ~11-35 Wh/kg and ~1.2-9 W/kg, respectively. Although this research development is transformative, further studies to optimize the separator and electrolyte technologies are needed to maximize both the energy and power density in a single device.

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“…ECs can provide instantaneously higher power density than batteries and higher energy density than dielectric capacitors, and therefore under consideration for applications in transportation, hybrid vehicles, modern electronics, and grid-connected power plants. [1][2][3][4] Even though, high power uptake can be achieved by ECs, the energy densities are significantly lower than rechargeable battery systems, which limit their applications as a main power source.5 Advanced supercapacitors must be developed with higher operating voltage and higher energy density (>100 Wh/kg) without sacrificing power delivery and cycle life for future practical applications. 4 One method of improving energy density is to design asymmetric supercapacitors by combining electrodes of the double layer capacitance with redox capacitance, which can make use of the different voltage windows of two electrodes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on Dual Phosphorus (P) and Nitrogen (N) co-Doped Carbon and Graphene-Polyaniline Electrodes

Basnayaka

Kumar

Ram

et al. 2017

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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We report an asymmetric type hybrid supercapacitor device with ultrahigh-energy density by employing a dual phosphorus and nitrogen co-doped carbon (PNDC) and a graphene (G)-polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite electroactive electrodes. Dual-doped carbon is synthesized by the microwave assisted technique and G-PANI was synthesized by the chemical oxidative polymerization technique. An asymmetric PNDC/G-PANI electrodes with ionic liquids (IL) as electrolytes in supercapacitor are found capable of increasing the operating voltage up to 4 V and electrodes with aqueous electrolytes in supercapacitor are capable of increasing the operating voltage up to 2 V. The size-uniform porous nanostructures of PNDC and G-PANI provide a continuous electron pathways and facilitate short ionic transportation process. Further, IL increases the wettability of the electrodes and exhibited ultra-high energy density of 114 Wh/kg and 13.7 kW/kg power density at a 2 A/g current density. Therefore, the asymmetric type hybrid supercapacitor based on G-PANI nanocomposite and microwave assisted PNDC electrodes is a cost effective ultra-high energy density supercapacitor with high rate capability. An energy storage device called "Supercapacitors" or electrochemical capacitors (ECs) attracted extensive attention because of their outstanding properties over other energy storage devices, such as, fuel cells, batteries, and dielectric capacitors. ECs can provide instantaneously higher power density than batteries and higher energy density than dielectric capacitors, and therefore under consideration for applications in transportation, hybrid vehicles, modern electronics, and grid-connected power plants. [1][2][3][4] Even though, high power uptake can be achieved by ECs, the energy densities are significantly lower than rechargeable battery systems, which limit their applications as a main power source.5 Advanced supercapacitors must be developed with higher operating voltage and higher energy density (>100 Wh/kg) without sacrificing power delivery and cycle life for future practical applications. 4 One method of improving energy density is to design asymmetric supercapacitors by combining electrodes of the double layer capacitance with redox capacitance, which can make use of the different voltage windows of two electrodes.6-9 For such type of supercapacitors, one electrode stores charge through a reversible nonfaradaic process of ionic movement on the surface of an activated carbon, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or graphene, 10-12 and other electrode is to utilize a reversible faradaic reaction of electroactive material, such as metal oxides (MnO 2 and RuO 2 ) and conducting polymers (CPs); (a) polyaniline (PANI), (b) polypyrrole (PPy) and (b) poly(3 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). 13,14 Maximizing the specific capacitance(C) and cell voltage (V) are the key purposes of fabricating excellent supercapacitors to improvise their energy densities by employing high-reactivity electrode materials and proper electrolytes. Several asymmetric type supercapacito...

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Electrochemical energy storage to power the 21st century

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 140 publications

References 39 publications

One‐to‐One Comparison of Graphite‐Blended Negative Electrodes Using Silicon Nanolayer‐Embedded Graphite versus Commercial Benchmarking Materials for High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries

One‐to‐One Comparison of Graphite‐Blended Negative Electrodes Using Silicon Nanolayer‐Embedded Graphite versus Commercial Benchmarking Materials for High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Energy and our future: a perspective from the Clemson Nanomaterials Center

High Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on Dual Phosphorus (P) and Nitrogen (N) co-Doped Carbon and Graphene-Polyaniline Electrodes

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