Electrochemical Diagnostics of Sprayed Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Corrosion

Raczkiewicz, Wioletta; Kossakowski, P.

doi:10.3390/app9183763

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…The results obtained from the reference measurements, regardless of the type of specimens tested, at each of the measurement points were lower than Θ = 10 (kΩ·cm), indicating a high probability of corrosion, which was rather impossible. Such results have already appeared in the author’s research [ 35 , 39 , 48 ], always during measurements performed on relatively young specimens. This was probably due to the fact that concrete is a non-stabilized material in which physico-chemical processes take place long after the mixture has set (even for years) and have an impact on the internal structure of concrete [ 2 , 4 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

Influence of the Type of Cement and the Addition of an Air-Entraining Agent on the Effectiveness of Concrete Cover in the Protection of Reinforcement against Corrosion

2021

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The concrete cover is the basic protection of the reinforcement against the influence of external factors that may lead to its corrosion. Its effectiveness depends mainly on the composition of the concrete mix, including the cement used. Depending on external environmental factors that may aggressively affect the structure, various types of cements and concrete admixtures are recommended. The paper presents the results of tests that allow us to assess the effect of the type of cement used and the air-entraining agent on the effectiveness of the concrete cover as a layer protecting the reinforcement against corrosion. In order to initiate the corrosion process, the reinforced concrete specimens were subjected to cycles of freezing and thawing in a sodium chloride solution. The degree of advancement of the corrosion process was investigated using the electrochemical galvanostatic pulse technique. Additionally, the microstructure of specimens taken from the cover was observed under a scanning electron microscope. The research has shown that in the situation of simultaneous action of chloride ions and freezing cycles, in order to effectively protect the reinforcement against corrosion, the application of both blast-furnace slag cement and an air-entraining agent performed the best.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

Influence of the Type of Cement and the Addition of an Air-Entraining Agent on the Effectiveness of Concrete Cover in the Protection of Reinforcement against Corrosion

2021

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“…In the case of the other two parameters, the obtained results could lead to their incorrect interpretation. This resulted from the influence of steel fibers, disturbing the measurements of the stationary potential of reinforcement [ 36 ], and from the young age of the specimens, which affects the measurements of the concrete cover resistivity [ 16 ]. Therefore, the analysis of the results obtained by the galvanostatic pulse method was based on the measurements of the corrosion current density.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors’ research shows that mix preparation is challenging even with adding fibers in the amount of 1.5%. Due to the formation of “nests”, i.e., clusters of tangled fibers, the mix becomes heterogeneous, and the concrete parameters are worse than those of mixed with 1.0% fiber addition [ 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If there are single cases of corrosion, the volume of the fiber after corrosion is so slightly greater that it does not break the concrete and even increases the anchoring force with the matrix. The authors of this paper conducted research in this area, e.g., based on images from a scanning microscope and EDS analysis [ 36 ]. Figure 3 shows a scanning microscope image of the concrete sample cut from the concrete cover, with the visible fiber section, as well as the charts from EDS analysis performed for the concrete covering the fiber and the fiber itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reinforcement Corrosion Testing in Concrete and Fiber Reinforced Concrete Specimens Exposed to Aggressive External Factors

Raczkiewicz

Bacharz

et al. 2023

Materials

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One of the leading causes of reinforced concrete degradation is chloride attack. It occurs due to the penetration of chlorides through pores and cracks into the concrete cover. This phenomenon becomes more dangerous if reinforced concrete elements are subjected to cyclic temperature changes. The concrete cover protects against corrosion. This paper presents research, the primary purpose of which was to determine the effect of the addition of steel fibers to concrete on the development of corrosion of the main reinforcement. The tests were carried out on three types of reinforced concrete specimens made of ordinary concrete and concrete with different amounts of steel fibers (0.25% and 0.50%). In order to initiate corrosion processes, specimens were partially submerged in a 3% sodium chloride solution and were subjected to freeze–thaw cycles. The electrochemical polarization galvanostatic pulse method was used for analyzing the reinforcement corrosion activity. Moreover, it was verified whether the corrosion of reinforced concrete elements affects the acoustic emission wave velocity. The addition of steel micro-reinforcement fibers increases the corrosion resistance of reinforced concrete. In addition, a strong linear correlation between the AE wave velocity and the values of the corrosion current density was revealed.

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“…While in steel structures, corrosion protective coatings are usually visible, and the corrosion process itself is relatively easy to notice and evaluate, in reinforced concrete structures, the corrosion of the reinforcement will be undetected on the surface of concrete for many years, thus causing significant destruction and making corrosion assessment more difficult. However, there is a group of non-destructive methods that allow, in probabilistic terms, diagnosing the process of reinforcement corrosion in a structural element [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. These are electrochemical methods that utilize the physico-chemical properties of concrete and steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Impact on the Assessment of Reinforcement Corrosion Risk in Concrete by Galvanostatic Pulse Method

Raczkiewicz

Wójcicki

2020

Applied Sciences

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The electrochemical galvanostatic pulse method (GPM) is used for the evaluation of the degree of corrosion risk of reinforcement in concrete. This non-destructive method enables determining the corrosion promoting conditions through the measurements of reinforcement stationary potential and concrete cover resistivity, and determining the probability of reinforcement corrosion in the tested areas. This method also allows for the estimation of the reinforcement corrosion activity and the prediction of the development of the corrosion process on the basis of corrosion current density measurements. The ambient temperature (and the temperature of the examined element) can significantly affect the values of the measured parameters due to electrochemical character of the processes as well as specific measurement technique. Differences in the obtained results can lead to a wrong interpretation of reinforcement corrosion risk degree in concrete. The article attempts to assess the effect of temperature on the measured parameters while using the galvanostatic pulse method. The GP-5000 GalvaPulseTM set was used. The results of this study confirmed the impact of temperature changes on the values of three measured parameters (reinforcement stationary potential, concrete cover resistivity, and corrosion current density) and contributed to catching the trend of these changes.

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Electrochemical Diagnostics of Sprayed Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Corrosion

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Influence of the Type of Cement and the Addition of an Air-Entraining Agent on the Effectiveness of Concrete Cover in the Protection of Reinforcement against Corrosion

Influence of the Type of Cement and the Addition of an Air-Entraining Agent on the Effectiveness of Concrete Cover in the Protection of Reinforcement against Corrosion

Reinforcement Corrosion Testing in Concrete and Fiber Reinforced Concrete Specimens Exposed to Aggressive External Factors

Temperature Impact on the Assessment of Reinforcement Corrosion Risk in Concrete by Galvanostatic Pulse Method

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