Electrochemical determination of the antipsychotic medication clozapine by a carbon paste electrode modified with a nanostructure prepared from titania nanoparticles and copper oxide

Ghanbari, Mohammad Hossein; Shahdost-fard, Faezeh; Rostami, Mohammad; Khoshroo, Alireza; Sobhani‐Nasab, Ali; Gholipour, Nazila; Salehzadeh, Hamid; Ganjali, Mohammad Reza; Rahimi‐Nasrabadi, Mehdi; Ahmadi, Farhad

doi:10.1007/s00604-019-3760-7

Cited by 40 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The FTIR spectra of g‐C 3 N 4 also show absorption peaks at 1253, 13285, 1419, 1563, and 1639 cm −1 could be ascribed to the modes of aromatic stretching vibration, the peak at 811 cm −1 is attributed to typical 3‐s‐triazine ring vibration, and broadband between 3083 and 3289 cm −1 corresponds to the typical stretching mode of N─H 48 . The FTIR spectra of nanophotocatalyst samples show a broad absorption band at 669 cm −1 , which is attributed to the oscillation of Ti─O─Ti of black TiO 2 49 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Black TiO₂‐g‐C₃N₄ heterojunction coupled with MOF (ZIF‐67)‐derived Co₃S₄/ nitrogen‐doped carbon hollow nanobox

Rostami,

Jourshabani,

Davar

et al. 2023

J Am Ceram Soc.

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In this research, the ultrasound (US) technique was applied as a facile synthesis method for preparing the black TiO2‐g‐C3N4 type II heterojunction, coupled with a Schottky junction MOF (ZIF‐67)‐derived x wt% Co3S4/nitrogen‐doped carbon (NC) (x = 3, 10, and 15) with hollow nanobox (HNB) morphology, as a smart nanoheteroarchitecture (NHA) photocatalyst to enhance visible‐light photocatalytic activity. Additionally, the solvothermal synthesis route was employed to fabricate the MOF (ZIF‐67)‐derived Co3S4/NC cubic hollow nanoboxes (CHNBs) before the pyrolysis process. The black TiO2‐g‐C3N4 wt% Co3S4/NC (TiCN‐15% CoS/NC) NHAs exhibited high photocatalytic activity in degrading methylene blue. The synergetic effect of all components in black TiCN‐x wt% CoS/NC NHAs resulted in efficient electron‐hole pair separation and charge mobility on Co3S4/NC HNB and g‐C3N4 surfaces, which led to a highly effective recombination rate of charge carriers and an excellent improvement in photocatalytic performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Black TiO₂‐g‐C₃N₄ heterojunction coupled with MOF (ZIF‐67)‐derived Co₃S₄/ nitrogen‐doped carbon hollow nanobox

Rostami,

Jourshabani,

Davar

et al. 2023

J Am Ceram Soc.

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“…In addition, the accuracy of the CLZ analytical sensor had to be compared with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) as the gold standard for small molecule quantification. [50,51] The electrochemical and LC-MS tests were performed simultaneously on a gradient-labeled standard buffer solution. The LC-MS test results showed a significant positive correlation with the developed sensor, where the R 2 was 0.9893 and the slope of the regression linear equation was 0.9707, which on the one hand, indicated that the developed sensor was capable of CLZ evaluation of the LC-MS method that was used in place of the gold standard, and on the other hand, that the developed sensor was accurate and stable over the test range (Figure S14, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fifteen minutes prior to simulated administration, rats were fixed on the experimental bench and injected with an anesthetic (0.5% pentobarbital). [ 50 ] The rats were then possessed intraperitoneal administration an amount of clozapine (50 mg kg −1 in sodium carboxymethylcellulose) by direct intragastric administration. To avoid the death of rats caused by salivary secretion into the trachea during anesthesia, tracheal intubation was performed during the test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domain‐Limited Sub‐Nanometer Co Nanoclusters in Defective Nitrogen Doped Carbon Structures for Non‐Invasive Drug Monitoring

Yu,

Tang,

Gao

et al. 2023

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In this work, sub‐nanometer Co clusters anchored on porous nitrogen‐doped carbon (C─N─Co NCs) are successfully prepared by high‐temperature annealing and pre‐fabricated template strategies for non‐invasive sensing of clozapine (CLZ) as an efficient substrate adsorption and electrocatalyst. The introduction of Co sub‐nanoclusters (Co NCs) provides enhanced electrochemical performance and better substrate adsorption potential compared to porous and nitrogen‐doped carbon structures. Combined with ab initio calculations, it is found that the favorable CLZ catalytic performance with C─N─Co NCs is mainly attributed to possessing a more stable CLZ adsorption structure and lower conversion barriers of CLZ to oxidized state CLZ. An electrochemical sensor for CLZ detection is conceptualized with a wide operating range and high sensitivity, with monitoring capabilities validated in a variety of body fluid environments. Based on the developed CLZ sensing system, the CLZ correlation between blood and saliva and the accuracy of the sensor are investigated by the gold standard method and the rat model of drug administration, paving the way for non‐invasive drug monitoring. This work provides new insights into the development of efficient electrocatalysts to enable drug therapy and administration monitoring in personalized healthcare systems.

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“…Thus, in this work, we aimed to compare the applicability and extraction performance of EME and SLM-LPME for non-polar basic drugs under optimal conditions toward some frequently used biological samples in forensic toxicological analysis, including whole blood, urine, saliva, and liver tissue. Clozapine, recognized as a prevalent pharmaceutical in the treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia, was chosen as the representative analyte for illustrative purposes [28]. Following the optimization of extraction conditions for both SLM-LPME and EME, we comprehensively compared their extraction efficiency and mass transfer capabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the applicability of electromembrane extraction and liquid‐phase microextraction for extraction of non‐polar basic drugs from different biological samples: Using clozapine as the model analyte

Xiong,

Tian,

Shen

et al. 2024

J of Separation Science

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Understanding and comparing the applicability of electromembrane extraction (EME) and liquid‐phase microextraction (LPME) is crucial for selecting an appropriate microextraction approach. In this work, EME and LPME based on supported liquid membranes were compared using biological samples, including whole blood, urine, saliva, and liver tissue. After optimization, efficient EME and LPME of clozapine from four biological samples were achieved. EME provided higher recovery and faster mass transfer for blood and liver tissue than LPME. These advantages were attributed to the electric field disrupting clozapine binding to interfering substances. For urine and saliva, EME demonstrated similar recoveries while achieving faster mass transfer rates. Finally, efficient EME and LPME were validated and evaluated combined with liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). The coefficient of determination of all methods was greater than 0.999, and all methods showed acceptable reproducibility (≤14%), accuracy (90%–110%), and matrix effect (85%–112%). For liver and blood with high viscosity and complex matrices, EME‐LC‐MS/MS provided better sensitivity than LPME‐LC‐MS/MS. The above results indicated that both EME and LPME could be used to isolate non‐polar basic drugs from different biological samples, although EME demonstrated higher recovery rates for liver tissue and blood.

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Electrochemical determination of the antipsychotic medication clozapine by a carbon paste electrode modified with a nanostructure prepared from titania nanoparticles and copper oxide

Cited by 40 publications

References 35 publications

Black TiO₂‐g‐C₃N₄ heterojunction coupled with MOF (ZIF‐67)‐derived Co₃S₄/ nitrogen‐doped carbon hollow nanobox

Black TiO₂‐g‐C₃N₄ heterojunction coupled with MOF (ZIF‐67)‐derived Co₃S₄/ nitrogen‐doped carbon hollow nanobox

Domain‐Limited Sub‐Nanometer Co Nanoclusters in Defective Nitrogen Doped Carbon Structures for Non‐Invasive Drug Monitoring

Comparison of the applicability of electromembrane extraction and liquid‐phase microextraction for extraction of non‐polar basic drugs from different biological samples: Using clozapine as the model analyte

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Electrochemical determination of the antipsychotic medication clozapine by a carbon paste electrode modified with a nanostructure prepared from titania nanoparticles and copper oxide

Cited by 40 publications

References 35 publications

Black TiO2‐g‐C3N4 heterojunction coupled with MOF (ZIF‐67)‐derived Co3S4/ nitrogen‐doped carbon hollow nanobox

Black TiO2‐g‐C3N4 heterojunction coupled with MOF (ZIF‐67)‐derived Co3S4/ nitrogen‐doped carbon hollow nanobox

Domain‐Limited Sub‐Nanometer Co Nanoclusters in Defective Nitrogen Doped Carbon Structures for Non‐Invasive Drug Monitoring

Comparison of the applicability of electromembrane extraction and liquid‐phase microextraction for extraction of non‐polar basic drugs from different biological samples: Using clozapine as the model analyte

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Black TiO₂‐g‐C₃N₄ heterojunction coupled with MOF (ZIF‐67)‐derived Co₃S₄/ nitrogen‐doped carbon hollow nanobox

Black TiO₂‐g‐C₃N₄ heterojunction coupled with MOF (ZIF‐67)‐derived Co₃S₄/ nitrogen‐doped carbon hollow nanobox