“…[31][32][33][34] They typically provide an improvement in catalytic activity as well as other advantages such as improved recovery of the metal from solution, energy saving, lower surface corrosion rate, and enhancement of a semiconductor's mechanical, optical, magnetic, and electronic properties. 32 On this basis, several procedures for detecting PCT and MFH using electrodes modified with carbon materials, metals, and metal oxides have been applied, 5,15,23,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] including carbon nanotubes, 35,[44][45][46] graphene oxide, 1,34,38,[47][48][49] metal oxides, 4,5,34,39,44,[49][50][51][52][53] and metal nanoparticles. [54][55][56] PtNPs are a form of one of the most effective noble metals with a high surface area to volume ratio, and introducing them to CPs has z E-mail: wafaa.ahmed1992@gmail.com been demonstrated to improve electrode electrocatalytic activity, conductivity, and electron transfer rate, as well as analytical sensitivity and biocompatibility in biological fluids.…”