Electrochemical determination of methyl parathion using poly(malachite green)/graphene nanosheets–nafion composite film-modified glassy carbon electrode

Abstract

A novel poly(malachite green)/graphene nanosheets-nafion (PMG/GNs-NF) composite film-modified glassy carbon electrode was developed to indirectly detect methyl parathion (MP). p-nitrophenol, the alkaline hydrolysis product of MP, was successfully determined at a relatively lower potential using this modified electrode due to the excellent electrocatalytic activity of PMG/GNs-NF composite film. The presence of GNs in the composite film enhanced the stability of PMG and increased the electron transfer rate. The kinetic parameters of modified electrodes were studied. What is more, the optimum experimental parameters affecting response were selected in terms of pH, accumulation potential, accumulation time, scanning cycles during polymerization of malachite green, and alkaline hydrolysis conditions. Under optimum conditions, the chronoamperometric response current was proportional to MP concentration over the range from 0.02 to 1.5 lM with a low-detection limit of 2.0 nM. Finally, the sensor was applied for the determination of MP in real samples, and the results were satisfactory with recoveries from 97.20 to 104.53 %. Due to its simple preparation, good reproducibility, and stability, this developed modified electrode provides a new platform for the detection of organophosphate pesticides.

Ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of methyl parathion pesticide based on cationic water-soluble pillar[5]arene and reduced graphene nanocomposite

“…Electroanalytical methods are simple, rapid and cheap, and have been used for the determination of MP and other pesticides. [17][18][19][20] For example, Tonle et al prepared a Gemini surfactantintercalated clay-modied electrode for the determination of MP with a linear dynamic range of 4.0 Â 10 À7 to 1.0 Â 10 À6 M. 21 Xu et al employed a poly (malachite green)/graphene nanosheet-Naon (PMG/GNs-NF) composite lm modied glassy carbon electrode to detect MP with a linear range of 2 Â 10 À8 to 1.5 Â 10 À6 M and a detection limit of 2 Â 10 À9 M. 22 Dai et al used Naon as an additive, and drop-casted ZrO 2 -CNFs onto a glassy carbon electrode (ZrO 2 -CNF/GCE). The modied electrode was then applied to detect MP with a linear range of 1 Â 10 À9 to 2 Â 10 À8 M and a detection limit of 3.4 Â 10 À10 M. 23 Although these electroanalytical methods were rapid and sensitive, some of them exhibited poor selectivity.…”

Reduced Graphene Oxide Supported Cobalt Bipyridyl Complex for Sensitive Detection of Methyl Parathion in Fruits and Vegetables

“…The important sensor parameters, such as LOD and linear range were compared with previously reported modified electrodes and given as Table . According to the comparison table, various kinds of modified electrodes such us mesoporous carbon, carbon paste, metal nanoparticles, metal oxide, MWCNT, graphene oxide, MoS 2 and others used for the detection of MP . The analytical performance of the GRGO/[Co(bpy) 3 ] modified electrode is either superior or comparable to the previously reported electrodes.…”

Recent Developments in Polymer Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Detecting Environmental Pollutants

“…99 The linear variation of the reduction peak current of the CV curve was observed as the phoxim concentration changed over the two linear ranges between 0.02 and 0.2 μM and 0.2 and 2.0 μM so that lower LOD was 6.4 nM with regard to the declined linear range (S/N = 3). Moreover, the sensor had very good selectivity to phoxim in the wide range of probable interferences such as the ions, 100 p-Nitrophenol, the alkaline hydrolysis product of MP, was substantially detected at a comparatively declined potential with the use of the proposed electrode as a result of very good electrocatalytic activities of the PMG/GrNSs−NF composite film. In a composite film, GrNSs promoted the PMG stability and the rate of the electron transfer.…”

“…Xu et al developed their newly devised poly­(malachite green)/graphene nanosheets–NF (PMG/GrNSs–NF) composite film modified GCE for the electrochemical determination of MP …”