Electrochemical determination of levofloxacin drug at poly(clayton yellow)/carbon paste electrode

A 3D carbon black disposable electrochemical sensor modified with reduced graphene oxide used for the sensitive determination of levofloxacin

“…It is excreted mainly through urination in an unchanged form. 3,4,7–9 In addition, LEV can present toxic side effects to humans such as heart disease, Steven-Johnson syndrome, tendon rupture, and irreversible peripheral neuropathy. 10–15…”

“…Since LEV is considered an emerging pollutant and has been widely used in aquaculture for prophylactic purposes, 8,37,38 the development of selective and sensitive methods are highly required. Hence, this work aimed to manufacture a 3D-printed electrode using a commercial filament composed of carbon black (CB) and PLA (CB/PLA), extruded by a 3D-pen, and to perform surface modification with rGO nanosheets by a drop-casting technique.…”

“…It is excreted mainly through urination in an unchanged form. 3,4,[7][8][9] In addition, LEV can present toxic side effects to humans such as heart disease, Steven-Johnson syndrome, tendon rupture, and irreversible peripheral neuropathy. [10][11][12][13][14][15] Different analytical approaches have been used for LEV determination such as liquid chromatography, 16 capillary electrophoresis, 17 spectrophotometry, 18 mass spectrometry, 19 and others.…”

“…Therefore, several electrochemical methods have been proposed for LEV monitoring associating simple instrumentation, high sensitivity and short analysis time. [6][7][8]15 However, these methods are usually associated with the use of commercial devices such as the glassy carbon electrode and the boron-doped diamond electrode. Electrodes modified with nanostructured materials have also received attention for the development of high-sensitivity sensors.…”

“…These modifiers have shown synergistic effects increasing the number of electroactive sites, detectability, and in some cases have also shown electrocatalytic effects in electro-oxidation processes. [33][34][35][36] Since LEV is considered an emerging pollutant and has been widely used in aquaculture for prophylactic purposes, 8,37,38 the development of selective and sensitive methods are highly required. Hence, this work aimed to manufacture a 3Dprinted electrode using a commercial filament composed of carbon black (CB) and PLA (CB/PLA), extruded by a 3D-pen, and to perform surface modification with rGO nanosheets by a drop-casting technique.…”