Electrochemical detection of dopamine using phthalocyanine-nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot conjugates

Ndebele, Nobuhle; Şen, Pınar; Nyokong, Tebello

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115111

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The gap was enough for the simultaneous determination of both substances in the same media [118]. Graphene quantum dots and reduced graphene oxide were also used as electron amplifiers in determination studies of dopamine, performed by Ndebele et al and Pari et al, respectively [119,120]. In these studies various symmetrical and unsymmetrical cobalt(II) and zinc(II) phthalocyanines were used (Figure 8).…”

Section: Catecholaminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azaporphyrins Embedded on Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Potential Use in Electrochemical Sensing—A Review

2021

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Phthalocyanines and porphyrazines as macrocyclic aza-analogues of well-known porphyrins were deposited on diverse carbon-based nanomaterials and investigated as sensing devices. The extended π-conjugated electron system of these macrocycles influences their ability to create stable hybrid systems with graphene or carbon nanotubes commonly based on π–π stacking interactions. During a 15-year period, the electrodes modified by deposition of these systems have been applied for the determination of diverse analytes, such as food pollutants, heavy metals, catecholamines, thiols, glucose, peroxides, some active pharmaceutical ingredients, and poisonous gases. These procedures have also taken place, on occasion, in the presence of various polymers, ionic liquids, and other moieties. In the review, studies are presented that were performed for sensing purposes, involving azaporphyrins embedded on graphene, graphene oxide or carbon nanotubes (both single and multi-walled ones). Moreover, possible methods of electrode fabrication, limits of detection of each analyte, as well as examples of macrocyclic compounds applied as sensing materials, are critically discussed.

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Section: Catecholaminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azaporphyrins Embedded on Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Potential Use in Electrochemical Sensing—A Review

2021

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“…Additionally, as our understanding of dopamine's involvement in various neurological disorders and diseases grows, the need for more precise and reliable sensing methods becomes increasingly evident. Innovative materials, such as phthalocyanines and their derivatives [7], not only provide enhanced performance but also open up opportunities for the design of biosensors that can be tailored to speci c applications, ultimately advancing our ability to diagnose and monitor conditions associated with dopamine imbalance, such as Parkinson's disease[8], Alzheimer's disease, and psychiatric disorders [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine Coadsorbed OH-Copper Phthalocyanine for Dopamine Sensing – A DFT Study

Sangeetha,

Lakshmipathi

2024

Preprint

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Density Functional Theory (DFT) was employed to investigate the sensing behavior of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) when interacting with OH-functionalized copper phthalocyanines (CuPCs) and copper phthalocyanines coadsorbed with iodine (CuIPc), both in gaseous and aqueous media. The study revealed that CuIPc demonstrates a superior capacity for detecting dopamine molecules compared to CuPc. Within these complexes, hydrogen bonds and coordination bonds were observed, with hydrogen bonds playing a pivotal role in the dopamine adsorption process. The enhanced electrical conductivity of CuPc sheets after iodine adsorption, along with the high adsorption energy of the iodine-coadsorbed CuPc/DA complexes, underscores the significance of iodine in this context. It is noteworthy that the utilization of iodine significantly enhances the sensing response for dopamine. In summary, copper phthalocyanine coadsorbed with iodine emerges as a promising material for dopamine sensors, offering possibilities for further advancements in this field.

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“…synthesized substituted cobalt phthalocyanine molecules and coupled them to nitrogen‐doped graphene quantum dots for creating a biocatalyst probe with increased dopamine sensitivity. [ 42 ] Concurrently, we noticed that specifically designed GQDs containing abundant carboxyl functional groups, which can significantly enhance redox active sites, exhibit excellent biological sensitivity and are extremely valuable candidates for the catalytic core of sensitive materials. [ 43–45 ] Therefore, incorporating GQDs on CoPc, a novel material structure design concept, may be an effective strategy for improving electrocatalytic activity and biosensing performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GQDs Incorporated CoPc Nanorods for Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine and Uric Acid

Ramachandran

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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Dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) are biomolecules of great consideration that coexist in human body. It is essential and challenging to detect them simultaneously with high sensitivity. This paper reports a novel electrochemical biosensor based on the nanocomposites of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) anchored with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) for DA and UA detection. The GQDs incorporation on CoPc nanorods with partial end stretching significantly enhances the electrocatalytic activity and promotes the electron transfer rate. Low detection limits of 21 nm for DA and 145 nm for UA have been successfully achieved for the fabricated CoPc/GQDs biosensor. The density‐functional theory proves the enhanced conductivity of CoPc/GQDs and the biomolecule's interaction with the electrode surface. Furthermore, the proposed sensor shows remarkable reproducibility, repeatability, and stability. The fabricated sensor is applied for the simultaneous detections of DA and UA in human urine samples. The excellent performance suggests that the CoPc/GQDs could be a promising and potential candidate for electrochemical sensors to detect DA and UA selectively.

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Electrochemical detection of dopamine using phthalocyanine-nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot conjugates

Cited by 18 publications

References 60 publications

Azaporphyrins Embedded on Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Potential Use in Electrochemical Sensing—A Review

Azaporphyrins Embedded on Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Potential Use in Electrochemical Sensing—A Review

Iodine Coadsorbed OH-Copper Phthalocyanine for Dopamine Sensing – A DFT Study

GQDs Incorporated CoPc Nanorods for Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine and Uric Acid

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