Electrochemical deposition of aluminum on W electrode from AlCl3-NaCl melts

Kan, Hong Min; Wang, Zhaowen; Wang, Xiaoyang; Zhang, Ning

doi:10.1016/s1003-6326(09)60114-x

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The existence of AlCl 4 – in the WIS state electrolyte has been examined by Raman test in the previous study, [ 29 ] of which the signal of AlCl 4 – can be observed clearly in the cycled WIS electrolyte, although a weak signal of that was obtained at pristine state. This finding suggested that the AlCl 4 – can be formed by the possible AlCl 3 +Cl – →AlCl 4 –[ 38 ] reaction as the abundant AlCl 3 and Cl – existed in the WIS electrolyte system or Al 2 Cl 7 – +Cl – →AlCl 4 –[ 39 ] as Al 2 Cl 7 – can be present with excess AlCl 3 in the electrolyte. Besides, the reaction Al 2 Cl 7 – →Al+AlCl 4 –[ 1 ] that happened on the negative electrode may form AlCl 4 – .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Energy SWCNT Cathode for Aqueous Al‐Ion Battery Boosted by Multi‐Ion Intercalation Chemistry

Pan

Zhao

Mao

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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The aqueous Al‐ion battery has achieved great progress in recent years. It now shows comparable performance to that of even non‐aqueous Al‐ion batteries. However, it also shows relatively low energy output and there is limited general understanding of the mechanism behind this restriction to its practical application. Thus, the development of a high‐performance cathode material is in great demand. Herein, a high‐capacity single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) is developed as a cathode for the water‐in‐salt electrolyte‐based aqueous Al‐ion battery, which provides an ultra‐high specific capacity of 790 mAh g–1 (based on the mass of SWCNT) at a high current density of 5 A g–1 even after 1000 cycles. Moreover, the SWCNT/Al battery shows a complicated multi‐ion intercalation mechanism, where AlCl4–, Cl–, Al3+, and H+ can function at the same time, improving the battery output. Beyond recently revealed H+ and metal ion co‐intercalation, the Cl‐assisted intercalation of Al3+ ions mechanism is also studied by experimental characterization and modeling for the first time, which significantly boosts the Al3+ storage capacity. This multi‐ion intercalation mechanism combines the high‐voltage anion deintercalation and the high‐capacity cation intercalation, and thus, benefits the development and application of high‐energy Al‐ion batteries in the future.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Energy SWCNT Cathode for Aqueous Al‐Ion Battery Boosted by Multi‐Ion Intercalation Chemistry

Pan

Zhao

Mao

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…for the same value of an overpotential (exceeding −60 to −80 mV) recorded with the same AlCl 3 concentration in the melt [1,3,18,19]. The aim of the present paper is to study titanium and aluminium co-deposition from an equimolar chloroaluminate molten salt containing Ti ions introduced by electrochemically dissolved Ti metal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…However, to our knowledge, there is no information published that addresses electrodeposition of Al-Ti alloys from an equimolar chloroaluminate AlCl 3 -NaCl molten electrolyte on glassy carbon (GC) at temperatures below 300 • C. Equimolar AlCl 3 -NaCl electrolytes have been characterised in the following ways: (a) lower vapour pressure above an equimolar melt at the same temperature applied than on an acidic AlCl 3 -NaCl electrolyte [16,17]; (b) the aluminium deposition potential from AlCl − 4 ions in an equimolar and acidic AlCl 3 -NaCl electrolyte was more negative than the aluminium deposition potential from Al 2 Cl − 7 ions in an acidic melt, which provided a larger potential distance to the titanium deposition potential [18,19]; (c) the deposition current density of aluminium was greater for the reaction: AlCl − 4 + 3e − → Al + 4Cl − , than for the reaction:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Deposition of Al-Ti Alloys from Equimolar AlCl3 + NaCl Containing Electrochemically Dissolved Titanium

Cvetković

Vukićević

Milicevic-Neumann

et al. 2020

Metals

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Al-Ti alloys were electrodeposited from equimolar chloroaluminate molten salts containing up to 0.1 M of titanium ions, which were added to the electrolyte by potentiostatic dissolution of metallic Ti. Titanium dissolution and titanium and aluminium deposition were investigated by linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometry at 200 and 300 °C. Working electrodes used were titanium and glassy carbon. The voltammograms on Ti obtained in the electrolyte without added Ti ions indicated titanium deposition and dissolution proceeding in three reversible steps: Ti4+ ⇄ Ti3+, Ti3+ ⇄ Ti2+ and Ti2+ ⇄ Ti. The voltammograms recorded with glassy carbon in the electrolyte containing added titanium ions did not always clearly register all of the three processes. However, peak currents, which were characteristics of Al, Ti and Al-Ti alloy deposition and dissolution, were evident in voltammograms on both working electrodes used. A constant potential electrodeposition regime was used to obtain deposits on the glassy carbon working electrode. The obtained deposits were characterized by SEM, energy-dispersive spectrometry and XRD. In the deposits on the glassy carbon electrode, the analysis identified an Al and AlTi3 alloy formed at 200 °C and an Al2Ti and Al3Ti alloy obtained at 300 °C.

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“…Performance of the Al(III)/Al electrode studied in chloride [20,21] and fluoride [22][23]24] melts and reported in recent works with more attention to the cathodic process of Al(III) or Al(I) reduction. Deposition of Al on tungsten first leads to a formation of intermetallic compound Al 4 W [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deposition of Al on tungsten first leads to a formation of intermetallic compound Al 4 W [24]. In AlCl 3 -NaCl melts the cathodic process is believed [21] to consist of two consecutive steps:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical characterization of the liquid aluminium bipolar electrode for extraction of noble metals from spent catalysts

Yasinskiy¹,

Padamata²,

Polyakov³

et al. 2019

nfm

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Regularities of the cathodic and the anodic behaviour of aluminium on tungsten in halide melts are investigated. The study of such systems is relevant in connection with the prospects for their use as bipolar electrodes for efficient extraction of noble metals from spent petrochemical Al 2 O 3 -based catalysts by the electrometallurgical method with associated production of highpurity aluminium and oxygen. Stationary and non-stationary polarization curves were obtained for the reduction and the oxidation of aluminium in molten NaCl-KCl+5wt.%AlF 3 and 1.3KF-AlF 3 systems at 700 -850 °C (973 -1123 K) in the range of current densities from 0.01 to 1.5 A•cm -2 and in the range of potential sweep rates from 0.01 to 5 V•s -1 . Electrochemical characterization of the electrode showed that electroactive particles in chloride-based melts have higher diffusion coefficients (in comparison with fluoride melt) due to the high concentration of Na(I) and K(I) cations, low density and viscosity of the melt. Electrochemical dissolution and reduction of aluminium in both chloride-based and fluoride melts are quasi-reversible diffusioncontrolled processes complicated by several parallel phenomena. Cathodic reduction of Al(III) in both studied melts occurs at high overvoltages (more than 200 mV at 0.1 A•cm -2 ) with the limiting current densities of 0.3-0.4 A•cm -2 at 800 °C. The cathodic reduction of Na(I) starts in chloride-based melts at the potential of -0.5 -(-0.7) V relative to Al reference electrode; the reduction of K(I) in both studied melts starts at -1.0 -(-1.2) V. In general, the kinetic parameters of the processes show that the extraction in two-sectioned cell can be beneficially performed at 800 °C with high current densities, and the liquid aluminium bipolar electrode seems to be the promising solution.

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Electrochemical deposition of aluminum on W electrode from AlCl3-NaCl melts

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

High‐Energy SWCNT Cathode for Aqueous Al‐Ion Battery Boosted by Multi‐Ion Intercalation Chemistry

High‐Energy SWCNT Cathode for Aqueous Al‐Ion Battery Boosted by Multi‐Ion Intercalation Chemistry

Electrochemical Deposition of Al-Ti Alloys from Equimolar AlCl3 + NaCl Containing Electrochemically Dissolved Titanium

Electrochemical characterization of the liquid aluminium bipolar electrode for extraction of noble metals from spent catalysts

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