Electrochemical charge storage in hierarchical carbon manifolds

Narayanan, Rajaram; Vijwani, Hema; Mukhopadhyay, Sharmila M.; Bandaru, Prabhakar R.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2015.11.078

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…For instance, hierarchical carbon nanotube-RVC assemblies have been recently proposed by Narayanan et al [122]. Carbon nanotubes were obtained via chemical vapour deposition from a ferrocene/xylene precursor.…”

Section: Supercapacitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The continued development of reticulated vitreous carbon as a versatile electrode material: Structure, properties and applications

Walsh

Arenas

León

et al. 2016

Electrochimica Acta

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The limitations of 2-dimensional electrodes can be overcome by using threedimensional materials having sufficient porosity and active area while offering moderate mass transport rates and a relatively low pressure drop at controlled electrolyte flow rate. In concept, a wide variety of metal, ceramic and composite materials are possible but restrictions are imposed by the need to avoid materials degradation, while maintaining adequate electrical conductivity, sufficient robustness and the possibility of facile scale-up. Despite its fragility, one of the traditional electrode materials used as a porous, 3-dimensional electrode is carbon foam, particularly in the 97% vol. porous form of reticulated vitreous carbon, RVC. A timeline indicates that the history of this material dates back over 50 years to the mid1960s, when it was primarily used as an uncoated material in small-scale, laboratory electroanalysis. Surface modification and diverse coatings have considerably extended the use of RVC. Recent applications are found in sensors and monitors, electrosynthesis, environmental processing and energy conversion. This review highlights the fundamental structure and summarises the physicochemical properties of RVC. Fluid flow through various porosity grades of the material, their active electrochemical area and rates of mass transport are quantified. The diverse applications of RVC in energy conversion, environmental treatment and electrosynthesis are illustrated by selected examples from the authors' laboratories and others over the last 30 years. Recent research on coated RVC, energy conversion environmental remediation and sensors is highlighted. Critical areas deserving further research and development are proposed.

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Section: Supercapacitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The continued development of reticulated vitreous carbon as a versatile electrode material: Structure, properties and applications

Walsh

Arenas

León

et al. 2016

Electrochimica Acta

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show abstract

“…An internal surface charging, considered from a thin layer electrochemistry (TLE) aspect, 4,27,28 which consider confined volumes, may also be pertinent. A relevant length scale, in this regard, is the equivalent diffusion layer thickness (d), over a given time (t), defined through:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Dynamic Charging Characteristics through Nanoscale Fuzzy Tungsten Surfaces

Chen

Sigurdson

Baldwin

et al. 2020

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Such materials enhance the active surface area and functionality of the substrate by growing or binding nanotubes onto the struts, or by placing felts or webs in the voids inside pores. Possible applications of nano-CT on RVC include microbial fuel cells [35,60], wettability control [61], and supercapacitors [62]. Ergun's empirical constant for inertial forces, Pa s m -2 Constant in equation 5 E Density of a fluid, g cm -3 Bulk electrical conductivity of the foam, S cm -1…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray computed micro-tomography of reticulated vitreous carbon

Arenas

Boardman

León

et al. 2018

Carbon

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The 3D structure of various grades of reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) is studied by X-ray computed micro-tomography (µCT). The settings required to estimate the bulk volumetric surface area accurately are investigated and the results are compared to those obtained from scanning electron microscopy and from pressure drop measurements via the Ergun equation. A resolution of 1.3 µm per voxel in µCT imaging is needed to determine the volumetric surface area, but its value is highly dependent on post-processing. A resolution of 9.6 µm per voxel underestimated the volumetric surface area, Ae, by a factor of up to 0.64 due to an incomplete resolution of the cell struts. This latter resolution is, however, sufficient to establish the volumetric porosity and the relative density. Theoretical estimations of electrical resistivity using these properties are consistent with those reported in the literature. Cell volume and cell surface area distributions are then obtained from computational analysis of the digitally rendered structure of 100 ppi RVC. Both cases can be approximated by a gamma function. Suitable instrumental µCT conditions for performing metrological studies on bare and modified RVC are proposed. Opportunities for the modelling of decorated and coated digitally rendered RVC are discussed.

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Electrochemical charge storage in hierarchical carbon manifolds

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

The continued development of reticulated vitreous carbon as a versatile electrode material: Structure, properties and applications

The continued development of reticulated vitreous carbon as a versatile electrode material: Structure, properties and applications

Enhanced Dynamic Charging Characteristics through Nanoscale Fuzzy Tungsten Surfaces

X-ray computed micro-tomography of reticulated vitreous carbon

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