Electrochemical characterization of screen-printed and conventional carbon paste electrodes

Fanjul‐Bolado, Pablo; Hernández‐Santos, David; Lamas-Ardisana, Pedro José; Pernía, Alberto M.; Costa-Garcı́a, Agustı́n

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2007.12.044

Cited by 219 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The only significant differences between the bare and modified SPCEs were found when Fe(CN) 6 3− was used as the redox probe, with bare SPCEs exhibiting larger E p and smaller i p than PDDA-and AuNP/PDDAmodified SPCEs. Similarly large E p values for the Fe(CN) 6 3−/4− redox couple have been previously reported for commercially available SPCEs 13,25,29,36 as well as HOPG 21 and graphene-modified 22,23 electrodes. The response of boron-doped diamond electrodes modified with carboxylate-functionalized graphene was found to depend on electrolyte pH with pH <8 corresponding to larger E p and smaller i p for the Fe(CN) 6 3-/4-redox couple.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Electron transfer rate constants between 1.67 × 10 −5 and 8.2 × 10 −3 cm s −1 have been reported for Fe(CN) 6 3−/4− using other SPCEs. 13,25,36,37 Evaluation of AuNP surface coverage.-Voltammograms of AuNP/PDDA-modified SPCEs in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 exhibited characteristic peaks at +1.25 (±0.010) V and +0.66 (±0.025) V corresponding to the oxidation and subsequent reduction of AuNPs, respectively (Figure 4). 38,39 Surface areas attributed to AuNPs for AuNP/PDDAmodified SPCEs were estimated using the charge associated with the reduction peak at +0.66 (±0.025) V. [38][39][40] For a monolayer of gold, the integration of this reduction peak results in a charge of 400 μC cm −2 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Use of Redox Probes for Characterization of Layer-by-Layer Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes

Bishop

Ahiadu

Smith

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The electrochemical characteristics of bare and surface-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) were compared using voltammetric responses of common redox probes to determine the potential role of nanomaterials in previously documented signal enhancement. SPCEs modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by layer-by-layer (LbL) electrostatic adsorption were previously reported to exhibit an increase in voltammetric signal for Fe(CN) 6 3−/4− that corresponds to an improvement of 102% in electroactive surface area over bare SPCEs. AuNP-modified SPCEs prepared by the same LbL strategy using the polycation poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) here were found to provide no beneficial increase in electroactive surface area over bare SPCEs. Though similar improvement in voltammetric signal of Fe(CN) 6 3−/4− was found for AuNP/PDDA-modified compared to bare SPCEs in these studies, results with other redox couples ferrocene methanol (FcMeOH/FcMeOH + ) and Ru(NH 3 ) 6 3+/2+ indicated no difference between the electroactive surface areas of modified and bare SPCEs. Furthermore, gold present on AuNP/PDDAmodified SPCEs accounted for only 62 (±12)% of the electroactive surface area. The previously reported improvement in electroactive surface area that was attributed to the inclusion of AuNPs on the SPCE surface appears to have resulted from a misinterpretation of the non-ideal behavior of Fe(CN) 63− as a redox probe for bare SPCEs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Redox Probes for Characterization of Layer-by-Layer Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes

Bishop

Ahiadu

Smith

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…[4] Carbon-based SPEs usually perform well in aqueous solvents and show similar electrode kinetics to those observed on conventional disk-electrodes. [4,5,6] Gold [7,8] and platinum [9,10] SPEs have also been used, but much more rarely. Moving away from experiments in aqueous-based solvents, we recently found that the background currents of DropSens carbon SPEs are very large compared to Pt and Au SPEs when room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) solvents are employed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, several groups have characterized various commercially available SPEs from companies such as Alderon, Florence, DropSens, Kanichi and Zensor. [4,5,6] In general, it has been reported that SPEs manufactured by DropSens appear to give the best cyclic voltammetric responses (lowest background current, sharpest peak shapes and fastest kinetics). [4,5] Most SPEs currently reported in the literature are large surface area (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4,5,6] In general, it has been reported that SPEs manufactured by DropSens appear to give the best cyclic voltammetric responses (lowest background current, sharpest peak shapes and fastest kinetics). [4,5] Most SPEs currently reported in the literature are large surface area (e.g. 4 mm diameter) carbon materials, probably due to the low cost of carbon (compared to inert gold and platinum metals).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxygen reduction voltammetry on platinum macrodisk and screen-printed electrodes in ionic liquids: Reaction of the electrogenerated superoxide species with compounds used in the paste of Pt screen-printed electrodes?

Lee

Murugappan

Arrigan

et al. 2013

Electrochimica Acta

103

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Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are widely investigated as simple, three-electrode planar surfaces for electrochemical sensing applications, and may be ideal for gas sensing purposes when combined with non-volatile room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). In this report the suitability of SPEs with RTIL solvents has been investigated for oxygen detection. Oxygen reduction has been studied on commercially available platinum SPEs in eight RTILs. Cyclic voltammetric wave shapes were found to be significantly different on Pt SPE surfaces compared to conventional solid Pt macroelectrodes, suggesting a possible reaction of the electrogenerated superoxide with the compounds that make up the ink/paste of the SPE surface. The only RTIL that did not show such drastically different voltammetry was one that contained a pyrrolidinium cation, suggesting a more chemically stable solvent environment compared to the other imidazolium and phosphonium cations studied. The analytical utility was then studied on four SPE surfaces (carbon, gold, platinum and silver) in two RTILs (one with a pyrrolidinium and one with an imidazolium cation) and linear responses were observed between current and % concentration in the range 10-100 % O 2 . This suggests that SPEs may indeed be suitable for oxygen sensing in some RTILs, but significantly more pre-treatment of the surface is required to obtain reliable results. However, the reaction of superoxide with the SPE ink, together with a noticeable deterioration of the signal over time, suggests that this type of sensing platform may only be suitable for "single-use" oxygen sensing applications.

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Surface and Interface Phenomena

Delhaès¹

2013

Carbon‐based Solids and Materials

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Electrochemical characterization of screen-printed and conventional carbon paste electrodes

Cited by 219 publications

References 29 publications

Use of Redox Probes for Characterization of Layer-by-Layer Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes

Use of Redox Probes for Characterization of Layer-by-Layer Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes

Oxygen reduction voltammetry on platinum macrodisk and screen-printed electrodes in ionic liquids: Reaction of the electrogenerated superoxide species with compounds used in the paste of Pt screen-printed electrodes?

Surface and Interface Phenomena

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