Electrochemical characterization of graphene-type materials obtained by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite

One-Step Synthesis of Aminobenzoic Acid Functionalized Graphene Oxide by Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphite for Oxygen Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide and Supercapacitors

“…Generally, GO materials are prepared using chemical methods such as the modified Hummers method [ 29 ], followed by a thermal treatment [ 19 , 30 ], by electrochemical reduction [ 31 ] or by hydrothermal treatment [ 18 ] to partially remove the functional groups and to obtain reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Electrochemical exfoliation of graphite is an environmentally friendly and low-cost method that offers the possibility of synthesizing GO materials in few hours [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Materials, usually referred as electrochemical exfoliated graphene oxide (EGO), with different properties (amounts and types of functional groups, density of defects, number of layers, flake sizes) can be easily synthesized by varying the experimental conditions during the electrochemical exfoliation, such as applied voltage and electrolyte [ 35 ].…”

“…Electrochemical exfoliation of graphite is an environmentally friendly and low-cost method that offers the possibility of synthesizing GO materials in few hours [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Materials, usually referred as electrochemical exfoliated graphene oxide (EGO), with different properties (amounts and types of functional groups, density of defects, number of layers, flake sizes) can be easily synthesized by varying the experimental conditions during the electrochemical exfoliation, such as applied voltage and electrolyte [ 35 ]. Compared to the chemical methods (e.g., Hummers’ method: C/O ≈ 2) [ 29 ], the EGO materials obtained this way have a lower density of oxygenated functional groups (C/O > 4) [ 35 ] which could be of advantage for electrochemical applications [ 19 , 36 ].…”

“…Materials, usually referred as electrochemical exfoliated graphene oxide (EGO), with different properties (amounts and types of functional groups, density of defects, number of layers, flake sizes) can be easily synthesized by varying the experimental conditions during the electrochemical exfoliation, such as applied voltage and electrolyte [ 35 ]. Compared to the chemical methods (e.g., Hummers’ method: C/O ≈ 2) [ 29 ], the EGO materials obtained this way have a lower density of oxygenated functional groups (C/O > 4) [ 35 ] which could be of advantage for electrochemical applications [ 19 , 36 ]. In addition, the method also allows the preparation of EGO-based composites [ 37 , 38 ] or the surface modification of EGO with other molecules in a one-step process [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Ultrasonic-Assisted Synthesis of Nanosized Graphite Obtained from Biomass and Its Assembly in Polyaniline-Composite Material for Energy Storage

“…The main effects induced by ultrasonic radiation are well established in the literature. , Due to the fast creation, growth, and rupture of gas in the reaction media (known as acoustic cavitation), a very turbulent and energetic environment appears, producing several physical–chemical effects, such as shock waves, which can cause drastic modifications in the material. , These effects can be employed to promote the physical separation of the GrL dispersed in an aqueous solution into smaller isolated aggregates or even in single sheets . By this way, the use of this sustainable GrL material would improve the electrochemical intrinsic characteristics of other electrochemical-based materials − In terms of direct application, the synergistic effect of a large area presented by the carbonaceous material with redox activity from conductive polymers plays an important role in the construction of high-current pseudocapacitive electrodes. , …”

Innovative approach for the synthesis of graphene/MnO2 nanocomposites and their electrochemical behavior

“…Electrochemical exfoliation of graphite is an environmentally friendly and low-cost method that offers the possibility of synthesizing graphene-type materials in few hours. [35,36] The electrolyte composition, the applied voltage and the distance between the two electrodes are variables associated with this method, [37,38] making it very versatile. The resulting nanocomposite is carefully characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical techniques.…”